Purpose of the study: The constantly increasing incidence of extracapsular fractures of the proximal femur are a public health concern. The basic therapeutic options are screw-plate fixation and proximal reconstruction with nails. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the mid-term results with a new osteosynthesis material, the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFN-A^®) which has a spiral blade.

Material and methods: One hundred eight 108 PNF-A^® performed from January 2007 to July 2008 were included in a retrospective clinical and radiographic study. These series included exclusively extracapsular fractures of the proximal femur in subjects aged over 70 years. All patients were assessed with the Parker score pre- and postoperatively. Blood loos, position of the spiral blade on the AP and laterals views and operative time were analysed. We searched for complications (femoral head slide, blade protrusion, head rotation, non-union, fracture on material, and operative site infection). We searched for risk factors.

Results: One hundred eight patients (94% ASA 2 or 3) were reviewed at mean 5.3 months (±1.5). None of the patients were lost to follow-up. At revision, 19 patients had died (17.6%). The mean Parker score declined 1.4 points. All fractures healed at mean 10.4 weeks (±0.6). Six complications were noted: three operative site infections, three head slidings, one intraacetabular protrusion. No statistically significant could be identified. Nevertheless, the three cases with femoral head sliding occurred on fractures that were unstable (type 31-A2) which had a malpositioned blade.

Discussion: There appears to be a consensus on the treatment of proximal fractures of the femur: screw-plate fixation for stable fractures, centromedullary nailing for the others. Arthroplasty is a second-line solution. There are few publications on the new spiral blade of the PFN-A^®. This method spares bone stock and allows compaction of the cancellous bone, particularly adapted for osteoporotic bone: the efficacy is comparable with reference techniques with lower rates of sliding (2.%) and acetabular protrusion (< 1%).

Purpose of the study: Treatment of comminutive fractures of the distal radius in elderly subjects remains a debated issue. Use of locked plates has given interesting results, particularly in the young subject. External fixation remains the simple osteosynthesis technique with the advantage of being minimally invasive and well adapted to the quality of bone in the elderly subject. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the mid-term results of a series of radiometacarpal joint bridgings of comminutive fractures of the distal radius.

Material and methods: From January 2003 to December 2007, 44 radiometacarpal fixations were assemblied and included in a retrospective radioclinical study. All of the fractures were comminutive (AO classification: C2 20.4%, C3 79.6%) in subjects aged over 60 years. Surgery consisted in a radiocarpal assembly alone (25%) or associated with another fixation (75%). The PRWE score was used for the functional assessment and the Sofcot 2000 symposium criteria for the radiographic analysis. Factors of poor prognosis were studied.

Results: Forty-four patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 28 months. Five patients were lost to follow-up. All patients had healed at mean 6.8 weeks. The functional outcome was good or very good in 45.4% of patients. Radiographically, anatomic restitution was achieved in 15.9% with a moderate to severe callus deformity in 84.1%. Fifteen complications were noted: reflex dystrophy (n=5), neuroma (n=2), material migration (n=6), disassembly with surgical revision (n=2) and superficial infection (n=2).

Discussion: Unlike observations in the young subject, there does not appear to be a consensus on the treatment of comminutive fractures of the distal radius in the elderly osteoporotic subject. External fixation has been used for many years for comminutive fractures. Our results nevertheless illustrate the limitations of this technique, both in terms of the functional outcome (54.6% insufficient results) and radiographic outcome (84.1% callus deformities). The only good results obtained with the external fixator occurred when the technique was associated with another fixation method. This suggests we should consider fixation of the wrist as a temporary osteosynthesis which should be replaced by another method (locked plating).

Fundaments: The surgical management of proximal femoral extra-capsular fractures in the elderly remains controversial. Bone quality and purchase of the cephalic screw are the main limitations of the currently available therapeutic options, dynamic hip screws-blade and proximal femoral nailing systems being the standard fixation Methods: which however report a revision rate of 7% due to mechanical failures. Main complications include implant-related fractures and cut out of the head-neck device with subsequent penetration into the acetabulum. The new PFNATM helical blade appears to improve the stability of the whole construct by providing better compaction of the cephalic cancellous bone around the blade.

Hypothesis, Type of Study: We conducted a retrospective radiographic-clinical study of a series of PFNATM osteosyntheses. Assessment of the mid-term results was based on the hypothesis that the PFNATM would reduce the occurrence of secondary deviations.

Materials and Methods: Between 2006 and 2008, 108 osteosyntheses were performed. Only traumatic fractures were included in this study. Parker’s quality of life scoring system (0 to 9) and Harris hip score (0 to 100) were used for functional evaluation. The PFNA blade position was assessed using intraoperative radiographs while a postoperative radiographic control was performed during follow-up to evaluate the occurrence of complications.

Results: 98 patients (98 hips) were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 5.3 months +/− 1.5. At last follow-up, the mean Parker score had decreased by 2.3 points and the Harris hip score by 24 points. All fractures united at an average time of 10.4 weeks (+/− 2.1). Six complications were reported (6.1%). They included 3 infections of the operative site and 3 cut-out of the femoral head. Three patients required reoperation for removal of the helical blade (3%): Two for significant migration and one for intra-acetabular penetration.

No statistically significant risk factors could be observed. However, the three cut-out of the femoral head occurred in unstable fractures (type 31-A.2 and 31-A.3 according to the AO classification) with mispositioning of the helical blade.

Discussion: Extra-capsular proximal femoral fractures are common in the elderly population but there is currently no ideal implant available. Unstable fractures as well as mispositioning of the head/neck device are considered risk factors for secondary varus deviation and external rotation. The new PFNATM helical blade has been rarely studied. It appears as a reliable osteosynthesis option since it reports encouraging results at a mean follow-up of 6 months. However, our results do not give evidence of the superiority of the helical blade over the neck screw.

Purpose of the study: This prospective anatomic study was conducted to analyze meniscal healing after arthroscopic repair.

Material and method: Two preliminary studies (a radio-anatomic study and a comparative arthroscan-arthros-copy study) were conducted to define strict radiological criteria (contiguous slices or spiral acquisition)which could be interpreted by all observers. Sixty-five vertical meniscal lesions were included in the study and divided into four groups according to localization (medial or lateral) and knee stability (stable or associated ligamentoplasty). Arthroscopic repair was performed in all cases. Mean length of the lesions was 20.31±6 mm. Minimum follow-up was six months. The work-up included an arthroscan and the IKDC function score.

Results: The work-up could be interpreted for 62 knees. The overall outcome according to Henning was: 42% complete healing, 31% incomplete, 27% failure. Healing outcome was similar for lesion in a red-red zone (73%) or a red-white zone (70%). The healing surface could be assess for 43 knees: 37% complete healing, 21% partial healing of more than half of the initial tear, 12% partial healing of less than half of the tear, and 12% failure. The analytic results of 17 medial repairs on stable knees yielded: 9 complete, 2 partial, 4 failure, with IKDC (79, 68, 73 points) having no significant influence. For the 24 medial repairs on unstable knees outcome was: complete healing in 10, partial in 6 and a good IKDC score (80.85 points). Functional outcome was poor for the eight failures (67 points). Lateral repairs on 11 stable knees yielded: complete healing in 2 (IKDC 76 points), partial in four (IKDC 94 points) and failure in five (IKDC 82 points). For the ten unstable knees, complete healing was achieved in five and partial healing in five with good patient satisfaction (IKDC 80.70 points).

Conclusion: Methodologically, arthroscan provided a good assessment of healing. The notion of the healing surface appears to be more appropriate than thickness, since partial healing can transform an unstable knee into a stable one. Clinically, in one third of the knees, meniscal healing could not be achieved. This failure was more frequent and less well tolerated for the medial lesions. For the lateral lesions, incomplete healing was more frequent, perhaps in relation to meniscal mobility and the associated ligamentoplasty which apparently protected the meniscal repair. In this series, meniscal healing did not have a significant influence on the functional outcome.