Current treatment recommendations advocate various exercise modalities for people with chronic Low Back Pain (cLBP) A systematic review was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of walking interventions across a range of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, including LBP. Six electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Data for pain and self reported function were extracted and where appropriate, results were pooled and analysed using RevMan (v.5).Aims/background
Methods
The purpose of this study: is to test the hypothesis that there is little or no stress shielding afforded by a carbon composite femoral hip prosthesis when implanted in the human subject, and to investigate the possibility that a hydroxyapatite coating would prevent loosening. The need for this development: is that loosening remains a problem for young patients who need a long term, reliable fixation of hip replacements, and it appears that if a solution exists to this problem then it probably lies away from the traditional cemented metal varieties. One of the causes of loosening is stress shielding caused by rigid metal implants and a carbon composite femoral stem has been developed to overcome this. Paradoxically, flexible stems result in increased micro-motion at the prosthetic-bone interface and as a result they tend to loosen more frequently than metal ones. To overcome this, the carbon stem has been coated on its proximal third with hydroxyapatite, in order to get a secure fixation to the upper femur, but left bare distally to minimise weight transfer within the lower shaft.
Bone density around the carbon composite hip was found to increase by an average of 2% between the measurements carried out at 1 and 2 years post-op. In the contralateral hip, bone density remained unchanged over the period. Bone density around comparable metal stems reduced by an average of 3% in our cases, but losses over 20% are quoted by others especially for zones 1&
7. Follow up is very short for responsible prognosis to be offered regarding loosening, but to date the function of the hips remains good.
Clinically asymptomatic. Progress to a wider trial can now be recommended.