Background.
Abstract. Aims. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of fungal knee periprosthetic joint infection following knee arthroplasty. The secondary aim was to evaluate risk factors for acquiring a fungal PJI. Patients and Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of patients presenting with a confirmed fungal PJI of the knee in two tertiary centres. There were a total of 45 cases. Isolated fungal infections along with mixed bacterial and fungal infections were included. Mean follow up was 40 months (range 3–118). Results. The mean age at presentation was 69 years (range 46 to 87) and mean BMI was 31 kg/m2 (range 20 to 44). The median number of procedures that patients had on the affected limb from the index primary arthroplasty procedure was 6 (range 2–17). The median procedure number at which a fungal infection was identified was 5 (range 2–10). A history of prolonged antibiotic therapy (above 6 months total) was present in 37 patients (88%). During the study period 22 patients were infection free, 14 treated with lifelong suppression, 7 had above knee amputations and 6 had died. Overall infection cure rate was 49%. Conclusions. Patients with fungal PJI are generally poor hosts with multiple co-morbidities, long term exposure to antibiotics and high rates of
Introduction and Objective. Lower limb fractures are amongst the most common surgically managed orthopaedic injuries, with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) as the conventional method of treatment of the fibula. In recent years, dedicated intramedullary implants have emerged for fibula fixation in tandem with the move towards minimally invasive surgery in high-risk patients. This is the largest multicentre review to date with the aim of establishing the clinical outcomes following intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation of the fibula and to identify the absolute indication for fibula IMN fixation. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of adult patients in all UK hospitals, who underwent fibula nail fixation between 01/01/2018 and 31/10/2020 was performed. Primary outcome measures included time to union, infection rate, other post-operative complications associated with the fixation and length of hospital stay. The secondary outcome measure was to identify the indication for fibula nailing. Data tabulation was performed using Microsoft Excel and analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23 (SPSS Statistics). Results. 2 Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) and 9 Trauma Units (TUs) were eligible for inclusion. 102 patients were included and 91% were classified as ankle fractures of 68% (n=69) were Weber B, 24% (n=24) Weber C and 8% (n=9) were either distal tibial fractures with an associated fibula fracture or pilon fractures. The mean age was 64 years of which 45 were male patients and 57 were female. The average BMI was 30.03kg/m. 2. and 44% of patients were ASA 3. 74% of patients had poor pre-op skin condition including swelling and
Purpose: The choice of irrigating fluid and delivery pressure remains controversial. Identifying surgeons’ preferences in techniques and the rationale for their choices may aid in focusing educational activities to the orthopaedic community as well as planning future clinical trials. Our objective was to clarify current opinion with regard to the irrigation of
To determine if immediate closure of
Aim. Fracture-related infection (FRI) is an important complication following surgical fracture management. Key to successful treatment is an accurate diagnosis. To this end, microbiological identification remains the gold standard. Although a structured approach towards sampling specimens for microbiology seems logical, there is no consensus on a culture protocol for FRI. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a structured microbiology sampling protocol for fracture-related infections compared to ad-hoc culture sampling. Method. We conducted a pre-/post-implementation cohort study that compared the effects of implementation of a structured FRI sampling protocol. The protocol included strict criteria for sampling and interpretation of tissue cultures for microbiology. All intraoperative samples from suspected or confirmed FRI were compared for culture results. Adherence to the protocol was described for the post-implementation cohort. Results. In total 101 patients were included, 49 pre-implementation and 52 post-implementation. From these patients 175 intraoperative culture sets were obtained, 96 and 79 pre- and post-implementation respectively. Cultures from the pre-implementation cohort showed significantly more antibiotic use during culture sampling (P = 0.002). The post-implementation cohort showed a tendency more positive culture sets (69% vs. 63%, P = 0.353), with a significant difference in
Current treatment modalities for chronic non-healing leg ulcers are time consuming, expensive, and only moderately successful. The use of sub-atmospheric pressure dressings, available commercially as the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device, has been shown to be an effective way to accelerate healing of various wounds. There is patented computer-controlled system technology available that is established V.A.C.(KCI Concepts, San Antonio, Texas) treatment. Reducing costs associated with wound treatments is therefore becoming an increasingly important issue in health care. This study included 45 patients with
Aim. Antibiotic prophylaxis is critical for the prevention of fracture related infection (FRI) in trauma patients, particularly those with
Introduction Management of bedsores in traumatic paraplegia has been a challenge since time immemorial. Conventional serial debridement and dressings require prolong hospitalization, imply posible complications and are an economic burden. Modalities like hyperbaricoxygen, electrical stimulation, altered cultured keratinocytes are cumbersome, expensive, and not readily available. Negative pressure to promote wound healing is under evolution. This study evaluates the effect of negative pressure in bedsore management. Methods The Negative Pressure Device (NPD) included sterilized foam, a low power continuous suction apparatus (Romovac) and a transparent polyurethane adhesive dressing. NPD was exclusively a bedside procedure. The perforated end of a drainage tube was placed on the wound surface and other end exited 10 cms away from wound margin, connected to Romovac. Sterilized foam was trimmed to size and geometry of wound as cover. Opsite closed the wound with an airtight seal. The bellow of Romovac was charged to attain negative pressure. Recharging was done after five to six hours. The wound inspected and dressings changed every five to seven days. Results NPD converted an
Purpose: The optimal choice of irrigating solution or irrigating pressure in the initial management of
The optimal choice of irrigating solution or irrigating pressure in the initial management of
Hip fracture in the elderly is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Significant intra-operative blood loss and the subsequent need for transfusion significantly contribute to patient morbidity. Making a surgical incision with diathermy reduces wound related blood loss, by coagulating small vessels as tissue is incised, however no study to date has looked at the use of diathermy in making surgical incisions around the hip. In addition, the increasing prevalence of blood borne infections makes the exclusion of sharps from the operative field an attractive option. The aim of this study was to compare diathermy incision with traditional wound opening using a scalpel to incise all layers. 50 patient undergoing hemiarthroplasty for fractured neck of femur were recruited prospectively. Patients on warfarin were excluded from the study while those on aspirin were not. After informed consent was obtained patients were randomized to scalpel or diathermy incision by coin toss. In the diathermy group the dermis was incised with the scalpel and all further layers with the diathermy, while in both groups diathermy as used for haemostasis. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics at induction and for 24 hours post-op. Wounds were closed in a standard fashion using absorbable sutures for closing fascia and fat layers and surgical staples for skin. Intra-operative parameters measured included: 1) Time to
To identify variables independently associated with same-day discharge (SDD) of patients following revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and to develop machine learning algorithms to predict suitable candidates for outpatient rTKA. Data were obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Programme (ACS-NSQIP) database from the years 2018 to 2020. Patients with elective, unilateral rTKA procedures and a total hospital length of stay between zero and four days were included. Demographic, preoperative, and intraoperative variables were analyzed. A multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model and various machine learning techniques were compared using area under the curve (AUC), calibration, and decision curve analysis. Important and significant variables were identified from the models.Aims
Methods
To explore the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the treatment of osteochondral defect (OCD), and its effects on the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, -3, -4, -5, and -7 in terms of cartilage and bone regeneration. The OCD lesion was created on the trochlear groove of left articular cartilage of femur per rat (40 rats in total). The experimental groups were Sham, OCD, and ESWT (0.25 mJ/mm2, 800 impulses, 4 Hz). The animals were euthanized at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment, and histopathological analysis, micro-CT scanning, and immunohistochemical staining were performed for the specimens.Aims
Methods
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is commonly used to manage severe
Ankle fractures are common injuries and the third most common fragility fracture. In all, 40% of ankle fractures in the frail are open and represent a complex clinical scenario, with morbidity and mortality rates similar to hip fracture patients. They have a higher risk of complications, such as wound infections, malunion, hospital-acquired infections, pressure sores, veno-thromboembolic events, and significant sarcopaenia from prolonged bed rest. A modified Delphi method was used and a group of experts with a vested interest in best practice were invited from the British Foot and Ankle Society (BOFAS), British Orthopaedic Association (BOA), Orthopaedic Trauma Society (OTS), British Association of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons (BAPRAS), British Geriatric Society (BGS), and the British Limb Reconstruction Society (BLRS).Aims
Methods
Infection and re-fracture are well-described complications following open paediatric forearm fractures. The purpose of this paper is to determine if patient, injury, and treatment characteristics can be used to predict the occurrence of these complications following the surgical management of paediatric open forearm fractures. This is an IRB-approved retrospective review at a single-institution paediatric level 1 trauma centrefrom 2007–2013 of all open forearm fractures. Medical records were reviewed to determine the type of open fracture, time to administration of initial antibiotics, time from injury to surgery, type of fixation, length of immobilisation, and complications. Radiographs were studied to document fracture characteristics. 262 patients with an average age of 9.7 years were reviewed. There were 219 Gustillo-Anderson Type 1 open fractures, 39 Type 2 fractures, and 4 Type 3 fractures. There were 9 infections (3.4%) and 6 re-fractures (2.3%). Twenty-eight (10.7%) patients returned to the operating room for additional treatment; 21 of which were for removal of implants. Contaminated wounds, as documented within the medical record, had a greater chance of infection (21% vs 2.2%, p=0.002). No difference in infection rate was seen with regard to timing of antibiotics (p=0.87), timing to formal debridement (p=0.20), Type 1 versus Type 2 or 3 open fractures (3.4% vs 5.0%, p=0.64), 24 hours vs. 48 hours of post-operative IV antibiotics (5.2% vs 3.5%, p=0.53), or when comparing diaphyseal, distal, and Monteggia fracture patterns (3.6 vs 2.9% vs 5.9%, p=0.81). There was no difference in infection rate when comparing buried or exposed intramedullary implants (3.5% vs 4.2%, p>0.99). Rate of re-fracture was not increased based on type of
Background:. Severe kyphosis in myelomeningocoele patients results in seating problems, early satiety and ultimately pressure sores over the prominence. Kyphectomy and sagittal correction can improve these morbidities. Aim:. To evaluate the outcome of kyphectomy surgery in meningomyelocoele children. Methods:. A retrospective review was performed of a single surgeon series of paediatric myelomeningocele patients who underwent kyphectomy surgery. All the patients had posterior fusion, employing pedicle screws and sub laminar wiring. All the posterior fusions extended to the pelvis either to include S1 or the ilium. Prior to surgery, three children had
Infection is a potentially disastrous complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although advances in surgical technique and antibiotic prophylaxis have reduced the incidence of infection to approximately 1% in primary TKA, there is still a substantial number of patients. Treatment options include antibiotic suppression, irrigation and debridement with component retention (with or without polyethylene exchange), one-stage or two-stage revision, resection arthroplasty and rarely arthrodesis or amputation. Salvage of prostheses has always been associated with low rates of success. It was reported a success rate of 27% for open debridement. It is suitable for selective cases where infection occurs within the first 4–6 weeks of primary TKA or in the setting of acute hematogenous gram positive infection with stable implants. With the advances in arthroscopic technique, arthroscopy after TKA has become an accepted method to assess and manage the complications of TKA. Arthroscopic treatment for infected TKA was reported and the successful rate was similar or better than open debridement in selected situations. We used arthroscopic debridement combined with continuous antibiotic irrigation and suction to treat acute presentation of infected TKA with acceptable result. From 2010∼2013, we has performed arthroscopic debridement and continuous antibiotic irrigation system for seven patients with infected TKA. All of the seven patients had no
There have been a worldwide change in the susceptibility patterns of antibiotics by many community-acquired microorganisms including those associated to wound infection after open fractures. However, the current antibiotic prophylaxis practice adopted by orthopedic surgeons to prevent infectious complications following open fractures has not changed, since Gustilo and Andersen classification was published several decades ago. Few studies have addressed the current pattern of infectious organisms identified in