Purpose: There is still debate on classification, pathogenesis, and treatment of partial non-full thickness tears of the rotator cuff. We assessed mid-term outcome after arthroscopic repair. Material and methods: Between 1990 and 1998, 208 partial tears of the rotator cuffs were treated in our unit. Eighty patients were reviewed by an examiner different and independent from the surgery team. The review included a physical examination, Constant score and radiography. The series included 42 men and 38 women, mean age 52 years (23–73) who were seen at a mean follow-up of 59 months (17–118). We identified four groups: group 1 included lesions of the deep articular aspect of the supraspinatus: 34 cases; group 2 included tears of the superficial aspect: 27 cases; group 3 included tears involving both the deep and superficial aspect without full-thickness tear on the preoperative arthrogram; and group 4 included lesions involving a partial tear of the supraspinatus associated with another articular lesion. Acromioplasty was performed in all cases associated with section of the acromiocoracoid ligament. Results: Absolute Constant score progressed from 53 points preoperatively to 80 points at last follow-up. Mean Constant score of the contralateral shoulder was 87 points. There was a significant difference between outcome in the first three groups where the mean age was 50 years and the fourth group (trauma context) where the mean age was 36 years. Constant score was 84.7, 92, 92, and 73 for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. There was no statistically significant improvement compared with the preoperative Constant score (67 points). Radiographically, there was no change in the subacromial space. Superficial lesions were more frequently associated with type 3 acromial impingement. Discussion: Globally, we observed a deterioration of outcome with time compared with the first review, with 76% satisfactory results at five years. The same outcome was obtained with superficial and deep lesions. We are in agreement with others that it is necessary to identify a subgroup of patients under 40 years of age with a partial tear of the rotator cuff in a trauma context. For these patients, arthroscopic acromioplasty is not a satisfactory therapeutic approach. The causal lesion (posterosuperior impingement, rim injury or instability) should be treated

Introduction

The options for the treatment of the young active patient with unicompartmental symptomatic osteoarthritis and pre-existing Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) deficiency are limited. Patients with ACL deficiency and end-stage medial compartment osteoarthritis are usually young and active. The Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKA) is a well established treatment option in the management of symptomatic end-stage medial compartmental osteoarthritis, but a functionally intact ACL is a pre-requisite for its satisfactory outcome. If absent, high failure rates have been reported, primarily due to tibial loosening. Previously, we have reported results on a consecutive series of 15 such patients in whom the ACL was reconstructed and patients underwent a staged or simultaneous UKA. The aim of the current study is to provide an update on the clinical and radiological outcomes of a large, consecutive cohort of patients with ACL reconstruction and UKA for the treatment of end-stage medial compartment osteoarthritis and to evaluate, particularly, the outcome of those patients under 50.

Aims: To review the results from a series of GSB III total elbow arthroplasties performed at an independent centre. Between 1996 and 2004 the senior author performed 58 total elbow arthroplasties in 44 patients (10 males, 34 females) using the GSB III implant. These were reviewed and the outcome assessed through the use of a patient-answered questionnaire and clinical and radiological review. Mean age was 65 (49 to 84 years). Indications for surgery included rheumatoid arthritis (46 elbows) and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (11 elbows). Mean F/up was 4.1 years (0.8 to 8.5 years). 4 patients had died (6 elbows) and 4 patients (4 elbows) were unavailable for review. 2 of the implants had been revised (1x aseptic loosening, 1x deep infection), leaving a total of 46 elbows available for review. The survival rate at a mean of 4 years was 98% with aseptic loosening as the endpoint. Complications included 1 case of intraoperative fracture and 1 persistent ulnar neuritis. Overall patient satisfaction was high. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 83 out of 100 (range, 34 to 100) and mean Liverpool Elbow Score was 8 out of 10 (range, 1 to 10).

Conclusion: Previous studies of outcome following total elbow arthroplasty using the GSB III elbow prosthesis at independent centres have shown satisfactory results, but have looked at small groups of patients. Our results offer more robust data to show that the medium term outcome following total elbow arthroplasty using the GSB III prosthesis is satisfactory.

Aims: To review the results from a series of GSB III total elbow arthroplasties performed at an independent centre.

Between 1996 and 2004, the senior author performed 58 total elbow arthroplasties in 44 patients (10 males, 34 females) using the GSB III implant. These were reviewed and the outcome assessed through the use of a patient-answered questionnaire and clinical and radiological review. Mean age was 65 (49 to 84 years). Indications for surgery included rheumatoid arthritis (46 elbows) and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (11 elbows). Mean F/up was 4.1 years (0.8 to 8.5 years). Four patients had died (six elbows) and four patients (four elbows) were unavailable for review. Two of the implants had been revised (1x aseptic loosening, 1x deep infection), leaving a total of 46 elbows available for review. The survival rate at a mean of four years was 98% with aseptic loosening as the endpoint.

Complications included one case of intraoperative fracture and one persistent ulnar neuritis. Overall patient satisfaction was high. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 83 out of 100 (range, 34 to 100) and mean Liverpool Elbow Score was 8 out of 10 (range, 1 to 10).

Conclusion: Previous studies of outcome following total elbow arthroplasty using the GSB III elbow prosthesis at independent centres have shown satisfactory results, but have looked at small groups of patients. Our results offer more robust data to show that the medium term outcome following total elbow arthroplasty using the GSB III prosthesis is satisfactory.

Introduction:

This study evaluates the mid-term results of first metatarsophalangeal joint replacement (MTPJR) for hallux rigidus using the Toefit-Plus™ prosthesis.

Background

The use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty considerably increased since first introduced by Paul Grammont in the late 1980s. Over the past few years, results from several mid- and long-term clinical studies have demonstrated good functional outcomes and pain relief. However, several complications, especially inferior glenoid notching, and high revision rates were reported in the literature. Improvements in prosthesis design should contribute to a lower complication rate and lesser amount of glenoid erosion. Few studies have reported the clinical outcome andcomplications of Anatomical Shoulder Inverse/ Reverse Prosthesis. This study documents 2- and 6-year clinical and radiological results following reversed shoulder arthroplasty using this novel prosthesis.

Purpose of the study: The tibial slope is an important parameter for knee surgery. Tibial slope designates the inclination of the tibial plateaus in the sagittal plane. The presence of a tibial slope and its value is intimately related to the condylotrochleal profile. The importance of tibial slope in knee disease and knee surgery is now universally recognised.

Material and method: We reviewed 140 cases of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ligamentoplasty performed at the institute; 25 failures were identified. After analysis of the position of the tunnels, particularly the femoral tunnels, the most documented cause of failure, as well as other factors of failure, we measured the mean tibial slope in all operated patients.

Results: Subjective Lachmann and the IKDC and ARPEGE scores associated with the dynamic study (TELOS) helped understand why knees can become unstable despite good surgical technique.

Discussion: William and Lissner established a mathematical relations between tibial slope and stress forces applied to the ACL. Dejour and Bonnin demonstrated the effect of the tibial slope on anterior subluxation and single leg stance. The tibial slope should thus be considered for all knee procedures. Bonnin demonstrated that an excessive slope can be a factor of plasty failure.

Introduction: Metal on metal Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty (MoMHRA) has gained popularity due to its perceived advantages of bone conservation and relative ease of revision to a conventional THR if it fails. This retrospective study is aimed at assessing the functional outcome of failed MoMHRA revised to THR and comparing it with a matched cohort of primary THRs.

Method: Since 1999 we have revised 53 MoMHRA to THR. The reasons for revision were femoral neck fracture (Group A, n=21), pseudotumour (Group B, n=16) and other causes (Group C, n=16: loosening, avascular necrosis and infection). Average follow-up was 3 years months (1.2–7.3). These revisions were compared with 106 primary THRs which were age, gender and follow-up matched with the revision group in a ratio of 2:1.

Results: The mean Oxford Hip Score (OHS) was 20.1 (12–51) for group A, 39.1 (14– 56) for group B, 22.8 (12–39) for group C and 17.8 (12–45) for primary THR group. In group A, there were three infections requiring further revisions. In group B, there were three recurrent dislocations, three patients with femoral nerve palsy and one femoral artery stenosis. In group C, there were no complications. The differences in clinical and functional outcome between group B and the remaining groups as well as the difference in the outcome between group B and control group were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: THR for failed MoMHRA was associated with significantly more complications, operation time and need for blood transfusion for the pseudotumour group. In addition, the revisions secondary to pseudotumour also had significantly worse functional outcome when compared to other MoMHRA revisions or primary THR.

Purpose: Loosening and wear of the polyethylene insert remains an important problem after ten years. The Harris-Galante 1 (HGP1) press fit titanium backed cup appears to provide an interesting alternative. We studied the clinical and radiological outcome of 191 total hip arthroplasties performed between June 1985 and June 1990.

Material and methods: This prospective continuous series included 174 patients (191 hips), 76 women and 98 men, mean age 62.1 years (19–83). The posterior approach was used in all cases for treatment of degenerative hip disease (80%) or osteonecrosis (14.6%). The polyethylene-metal cup was used with a 28mm head in 90.7% of the cases. The press-fit cup was fixed with three screws. At review, 39 patients had died (45 hips), 25 were contacted for a phone interview, and two were lost to follow-up; 119 patients were re-examined and had a standard radiography series at last follow-up. Mean follow-up was 11.9 years (10–15). The Postel Merle d’Aubigné (PMA) score and the Harris hip score (HHS) were used to assess outcome. Quality of bone fixation and cup migration were studied as were lucent lines classed according to De Lee. Wear was calculated using the Livermore method and osteolysis using the Mulroy method. Actuarial survival curves were plotted using reoperation as the end-point if the polyethylene insert was changed or revision if the cup was changed for any reason. Qualitative data were compared using chi square test.

Results: There was one death on day three and three dislocations including two requiring reoperation for an insert overhang. The PMA pain score improved from 2.58 to 5.5 and the overall PMA score from 10.5 to 16.2. the HHS improved from 53.5 to 87.2 points. A lucent line measuring < 1 mm was found in 12 cases; one was complete, nine were in a single zone. Osteolysis was found in 28 cases and was qualified as severe in four. Mean polyethylene wear was 0.1 mm (volume 65.5 mm³). There was no case with cup migration or cup tilt and none of the cups had to be changed. Five polyethylene inserts were changed due to wear at a mean 145 months. The actuarial survival curve taking into account the seven insert changes showed a mean 15-year survival of 96.7±3%.

Discussion: The Harris-Galante press-fit cup has exhibited good behaviour at a mean 11.9 years follow-up. Mean annual wear was = 0.1 mm in 42 patients; it was > 0.2 mm in 18 patients including five who required reoperation to change the insert at 145 months. Osteolysis was noted in 28 cases, an important problem.

Conclusion: With only two patients lost to follow-up at ten years, this prospective review demonstrates well that the press-fit cup is well tolerated which has suffered from comparison with cemented cups. Five worn inserts had to be changed, requiring a simple operation. There were four cases of severe osteolysis.

Background

Navigation in total knee replacement is controversially discussed in the literature. In our previous study, femoral component positioning was more accurate with computed navigation than with conventional implantation techniques, however tibial positioning showed similar results. Moreover there were no differences between image-free and image-based navigation techniques. To what extent more accurate femoral positioning has an impact on the clinical mid-term follow up is not known.

Introduction

Recurrence in CTEV is not uncommon and as the child becomes older the foot in question is often stiffer and less amenable to the more traditional serial casting Ponseti method. Treatment of these recurrent CTEV feet with external fixators has been previously documented. We aim to present the Sheffield technique of an external circular frame with adjunctive hindfoot and midfoot osteotomies to correct relapsed CTEV and their associated Roye (outcome) scores.

Robotic assistance in knee arthroplasty has become increasingly popular due to improved accuracy of prosthetic implantation. However, literature on the mid-term outcomes is limited especially that of hand-held robotic-assisted devices. We present one of the longest follow-up series to date using this novel technology and discuss the learning curve for introducing robotic technology into our practice. The purpose of this single-surgeon study is to evaluate the survival, patient-reported outcomes and learning curve for handheld boundary-controlled robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (HBRUKAs) at our hospital. This retrospective study evaluates 100 cases (94 Medial, 6 Lateral) performed by a single surgeon between October 2012 and July 2018. 52% were males, mean age was 64.5y (range 47.3y-85.2y) and mean BMI was 31.3 (range 21.8–43). Both inlay (40%) and onlay (60%) designs were implanted. Patients were followed up routinely at 1 and 5 years with Oxford Knee Scores (OKS) recorded. The learning curve was determined by tourniquet times. At a mean follow-up of 4.3 years (range 1.6y–7.3y), survivorship was 97%. There were three revisions: One case of aseptic loosening (1.5y), one case of deep-infection (3.8y) and one case of contralateral compartment osteoarthritis progression (5y). Mean 5-year OKS was 39.8. A 14.3% reduction in mean tourniquet times between the first 25 cases (105.5minutes) and subsequent cases (90.4minutes) was seen. This single-surgeon study showed good survivorship and patient-reported outcomes for HBRUKAs at our hospital. A learning curve of approximately 25 cases was shown, with significant decreases in tourniquet times with respect to increased surgeon experience

Abstract. Background. Lateral and medial epicondylitis, more commonly known as Tennis and Golfer's elbow, can cause chronic pain and significant functional impairment in working-age patients. For patients with refractory epicondylitis, platelet rich plasma (PRP) of which ACP is a type, is commonly used as an alternative to surgical intervention, but its efficacy is unproven. Objective. To assess the mid-term outcomes of ultrasound guided ACP injections for patients with refractory epicondylitis who have failed conventional conservative treatment. Methods. 77 patients who were treated with PRP for refractory epicondylitis were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 50.3 years (range 36–70), with 30% men and 70% women. The Oxford Elbow Score (OES) and progression to surgery were used to assess the mid-term outcomes. Results. The mean follow up duration was 2.1 years (range 1.0 – 4.2). Post-procedure OES was recorded for thirty-three patients, of these, thirty-one patients (94.0%) demonstrated an improvement in their OES at mid-term follow-up compared to their pre-op score. The mean change in OES was +16 (range −7 to +34), 81.8% exhibited a minimally important change (MIC) in OES of greater than 8.2 points. Of all seventy-seven patients, seventeen (22.1%) underwent open release and twenty-seven (35.1%) patients were lost to follow up. Conclusion. Ultrasound guided ACP injections can be an effective treatment for refractory epicondylitis and is likely to prevent the need for surgery. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Introduction. Cheilectomy is a recommended procedure for the earlier stages of osteoarthritis of the 1. st. metatarsophalangeal joint. Although good improvement in symptoms have been reported in many studies, the long term performance of this procedure is not well understood. It is thought that a significant number of patients go onto have arthrodesis or joint replacement. We report on a large cohort of patients who received this procedure and report on the complications and mid-term outcome. Methods. This is a retrospective study looking at all patients who underwent cheilectomy for hallux rigidus between November 2007 and August 2018. Departmental database was used to access patient details and outcome measures recorded include: postoperative wound infection, patient reported improvement in pain and the incidence of further surgical interventions like revision cheilectomy and conversion to arthrodesis and arthroplasty. X-rays were studied using PACS to stage the osteoarthritis (Hattrup and Johnson classification). Results. A total of 240 feet in 220 patients (20 bilateral surgeries) were included in the study, there were 164 Females (75%) and 56 Males (25%), the median age was 55 years (range 22–90 years). Radiological assessment showed 89 Stage 1 arthritis(42%), 105 Stage 2 (50%), 17 Stage 3 (8%) and 9 patients were excluded due to unavailable X-rays. 5 patients (2%) had superficial wound infection. There were 16 further surgeries (7%) performed in this cohort, 12 arthrodesis (5%), 3 revision cheilectomy and 1conversion to arthroplasty. 157 patients were found to be pain-free at the latest post-operative visit (77%), 48 reported minimal pain (23%), 15 patients were excluded due to unavailable data. Conclusion. Cheilectomy appears to produce good improvement in pain with a low complication rate. The rate of conversion to arthrodesis/arthroplasty is lower than in many reported studies

Different techniques have been described to address massive bone loss of the acetabulum in revision hip surgery. aMace has gained popularity as it provides customization aiming to restore hip centre and provide good initial stability in cases of large non-contained defects. It takes into account quality of host bone. Its porous defect filling scaffold provides an excellent surface for osteointegration. Our aim was to assess the short and mid-term outcomes of patients who underwent revision surgery using aMace system. Ethical approval was obtained. A retrospective study included all patients who had aMace between June 2013 and October 2022 allowing for a minimum of 12-months follow-up. Patients’ demographics, indication, bone-loss severity, reconstruction details, re-operation, complications, mortality, pain and function were assessed. 52 cases were performed by 13 surgeons with median 51 months follow-up. Median age was 72.7 years. 86.5% were female. Average BMI was 25.3. Average ASA grade was 3. 65% were classified as Paprosky IIIB and 32% were IIIA. 73% were found to have poor bone quality on CT. Main indication for aMace was massive bone loss/discontinuity secondary to aseptic loosening in 88.5%. 77% underwent single-stage revision. 53.8% had 2 or more previous revisions. 71% underwent stem revision in the same setting. 77% received a dual mobility bearing. Re-operation rate was 5.7% for instability and femoral PPF. LLD was reported in 9.6%. Permanent Sciatic nerve palsy occurred in 3.8% of the cases. 30-days mortality was 1.9%. Statistically significant post-op improvements in pain and mobility were reported (p<0.001). None of the acetabular components have been revised. Our study shows satisfactory surgical outcomes with a relatively low complication rate and significant pain and mobility improvements in the early to mid-term stages. We recommend these costly cases to be done in highly specialist centres adopting MDT approach

Cheilectomy is a recommended procedure for early stage osteoarthritis of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint. Although improvement in symptoms has been reported in many studies, long term performance is not well understood. It is thought that significant numbers of patients require subsequent arthrodesis or arthroplasty. We report on a large cohort of patients receiving this procedure and on complications, and mid-term outcome. This is a retrospective study looking at all patients undergoing cheilectomy for hallux rigidus between November 2007 and August 2018. Departmental database was used to record outcome measures including: postoperative wound infection, patient reported improvement in pain and incidence of further surgical interventions like revision cheilectomy, conversion to arthrodesis and arthroplasty. Osteoarthritis was staged radiographically using PACS (Hattrup and Johnson classification). A total of 240 feet in 220 patients (20 bilateral surgeries) were included with 164 females (75%) and 56 males (25%), the median age being 55 years (range 22–90 years). Radiological assessment showed 89 stage 1 arthritis (42%), 105 stage 2 (50%), 17 stage 3 (8%) and 9 patients were excluded due to unavailable radiographs. 5 patients (2%) had superficial wound infections. There were 16 further surgeries (7%); 12 arthrodesis (5%), 3 revision cheilectomy and 1 conversion to arthroplasty. 157 patients were found to be pain-free at the latest post-operative visit (77%), 48 reported minimal pain (23%), 15 patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Cheilectomy appears to effectively reduce pain with low complication rates. Rates of conversion to arthrodesis/arthroplasty are lower than in many reported studies

Aims. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), has been used as an adjuvant to hip decompression. Early results have shown promise for hip preservation in patients with osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head. The purpose of the current study is to examine the mid-term outcome of this treatment in patients with precollapse corticosteroid-induced ON of the femoral head. Methods. In all, 22 patients (35 hips; 11 males and 11 females) with precollapse corticosteroid-induced ON of the femoral head underwent hip decompression combined with BMAC and PRP. Mean age and BMI were 43 years (SD 12) and 31 kg/m² (SD 6), respectively, at the time of surgery. Survivorship free from femoral head collapse and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and risk factors for progression were evaluated at minimum five-years of clinical follow-up with a mean follow-up of seven years (5 to 8). Results. Survivorship free from femoral head collapse and THA for any reason was 84% and 67% at seven years postoperatively, respectively. Risk factors for conversion to THA included a high preoperative modified Kerboul angle (grade 3 or 4) based on preoperative MRI (hazard ratio (HR) 3.96; p = 0.047) and corticosteroid use at the time of decompression (HR 4.15; p = 0.039). The seven-year survivorship for patients with grade 1 or 2 Kerboul angles for conversion to THA for articular collapse, and THA for any reason, were 96% and 72%, respectively, versus THA for articular collapse and THA for any reason in patients with grade 3 or 4 Kerboul angles of 40% (p = 0.003) and 40% (p = 0.032). Conclusion. At seven years, hip decompression augmented with BMAC and PRP provided a 67% survivorship free from THA in patients with corticosteroid-induced ON. Ideal candidates for this procedure are patients with low preoperative Kerboul angles and can stop corticosteroid treatment prior to decompression. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):926–931

Introduction. Trochleoplasty is an effective surgical procedure for patients with severe trochlear dysplasia and recurrent patella instability. Previous work has suggested patients demonstrate early improvements in knee function and quality of life. However, concerns regarding longer term outcomes due to the development of stiffness and patellofemoral osteoarthritis remain a concern for these patients. Our aim was to assess mid-term patient-reported outcome and quality of life measures for trochleoplasty performed at a single centre for severe trochlear dysplasia. Methods. Retrospective review of 28 knees (23 patients) having undergone trochleoplasty for severe trochlear dysplasia were reviewed. Due to the non-parametric nature of the data, median and interquartile range (IQR) were determined for pre-operative and mid-term follow-up scores. Statistically significant differences between groups were assessed using paired Wilcoxon-signed rank test with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Data were analysed using a statistical software package (IBM® SPSS® Statistics 26.0). Results. Median time from surgery to follow-up for all patients in the series was 5.3 years (IQR 3.9 – 7.0 years). Median pre-operative Kujala score improved from 57.0 (IQR 45 – 66) to 96.3 (IQR 83 -100). Median pre-operative IKDC score improved from 42.6 (IQR 35.9 – 51.3) to 92.6 (IQR 71.6 – 98.7). Median EQ-5D score also improved from 0.691 (IQR 0.414 – 0.727) to 1.000 (IQR 0.8178 – 1.000). Improvement in Kujala scores, IKDC scores and EQ-5D were all statistically significant with p<0.001 in all domains. Discussion. Our data suggests patients experience significant improvements in knee function and quality of life following trochleoplasty surgery for severe dysplasia. We demonstrate an absolute improvement in scores at a mean of 5.3 years follow-up of 39.3 points for Kujala, 50 for IKDC and 0.309 for EQ-5D. Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) have been reported to be in the region of 10 for the Kujala score, 8.8–15.6 for IKDC and 0.085 for EQ-5D. Our data shows improvements which far exceed the published MCID, suggesting trochleoplasty confers a large treatment effect and patients benefiting from sustained improvements in knee function and overall quality of life at mid-term follow-up. Conclusion. Following trochleoplasty for severe trochlear dysplasia, patient reported outcomes demonstrate continued improvements in knee function and quality of life at mid-term (5-year) follow-up. There is a large absolute treatment effect which likely impacts on both physical and psychological wellbeing for these patients. Continued surveillance of patient reported outcomes in this clinically complex cohort is indicated

Aims. There are comparatively few randomized studies evaluating knee arthroplasty prostheses, and fewer still that report longer-term functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate mid-term outcomes of an existing implant trial cohort to document changing patient function over time following total knee arthroplasty using longitudinal analytical techniques and to determine whether implant design chosen at time of surgery influenced these outcomes. Methods. A mid-term follow-up of the remaining 125 patients from a randomized cohort of total knee arthroplasty patients (initially comprising 212 recruited patients), comparing modern (Triathlon) and traditional (Kinemax) prostheses was undertaken. Functional outcomes were assessed with the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), knee range of movement, pain numerical rating scales, lower limb power output, timed functional assessment battery, and satisfaction survey. Data were linked to earlier assessment timepoints, and analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) mixed models, incorporating longitudinal change over all assessment timepoints. Results. The mean follow-up of the 125 patients was 8.12 years (7.3 to 9.4). There was a reduction in all assessment parameters relative to earlier assessments. Longitudinal models highlight changes over time in all parameters and demonstrate large effect sizes. Significant between-group differences were seen in measures of knee flexion (medium-effect size), lower limb power output (large-effect size), and report of worst daily pain experienced (large-effect size) favouring the Triathlon group. No longitudinal between-group differences were observed in mean OKS, average daily pain report, or timed performance test. Satisfaction with outcome in surviving patients at eight years was 90.5% (57/63) in the Triathlon group and 82.8% (48/58) in the Kinemax group, with no statistical difference between groups (p = 0.321). Conclusion. At a mean 8.12 years, this mid-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial cohort highlights a general reduction in measures of patient function with patient age and follow-up duration, and a comparative preservation of function based on implant received at time of surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):434–441

Aim. 10 years after the introduction of the Ponseti casting regimen as standard treatment for idiopathic clubfoot at Alder Hey Children's Hospital, we reviewed the mid-term outcomes of the initial 2-year cohort (treated from 2002–2004). Method. 100 feet were treated in 66 patients. 61 of the 100 feet have been prospectively reviewed on an annual/ bi-annual basis since successful correction, with outcomes of the remaining feet obtained by retrospective analysis. Results. 96 feet responded to initial casting; of these, 31 had a recurrence within the first 2 years (16 of which were successfully treated by repeat casting and/or tenotomy and/or transfer of the tendon of tibialis anterior, the remaining 15 requiring extensive soft tissue release). 12 feet developed recurrence after 2 years (9 of whom were successfully treated with transfer of tibialis anterior tendon and 3 of whom required extensive soft tissue release) Mean dorsiflexion at average follow-up of 9 years is 15 degrees (95% CI 12.96 to 17.04) and mean abduction 41 degrees. (95%CI 37.65 to 45.07). Conclusion. The Ponseti regimen is a successful treatment option for the management of idiopathic clubfoot. The majority of recurrences occur in the first two years and so close follow-up should be undertaken during this period. The importance of strict compliance with boots and bars must be emphasised to parents at this treatment stage. These mid-term outcomes have highlighted that, although fewer recurrences occur after the first two years, it is difficult to predict which feet might recur; consequently, we recommend following children up in an annual/bi-annual fashion until their skeletal maturity