Introduction

The objective of this study was to determine if a synthetic bone substitute would provide results similar to bone from osteoporotic femoral heads during in vitro testing with orthopaedic implants. If the synthetic material could produce results similar to those of the osteoporotic bone, it could reduce or eliminate the need for testing of implants on bone.

Aims. Several artificial bone grafts have been developed but fail to achieve anticipated osteogenesis due to their insufficient neovascularization capacity and periosteum support. This study aimed to develop a vascularized bone-periosteum construct (VBPC) to provide better angiogenesis and osteogenesis for bone regeneration. Methods. A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups according to the experimental materials. Allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were cultured and seeded evenly in the collagen/chitosan sheet to form cell sheet as periosteum. Simultaneously, allogenic AMSCs were seeded onto alginate beads and were cultured to differentiate to endothelial-like cells to form vascularized bone construct (VBC). The cell sheet was wrapped onto VBC to create a vascularized bone-periosteum construct (VBPC). Four different experimental materials – acellular construct, VBC, non-vascularized bone-periosteum construct, and VBPC – were then implanted in bilateral L4-L5 intertransverse space. At 12 weeks post-surgery, the bone-forming capacities were determined by CT, biomechanical testing, histology, and immunohistochemistry staining analyses. Results. At 12 weeks, the VBPC group significantly increased new bone formation volume compared with the other groups. Biomechanical testing demonstrated higher torque strength in the VBPC group. Notably, the haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry-stained histological results revealed that VBPC promoted neovascularization and new bone formation in the spine fusion areas. Conclusion. The tissue-engineered VBPC showed great capability in promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis in vivo. It may provide a novel approach to create a superior blood supply and nutritional environment to overcome the deficits of current artificial bone graft substitutes. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(12):722–733

In therapeutic bone repairs, autologous bone grafts, conventional or vascularized allografts, and biocompatible artificial bone substitutes all have their shortcomings. Tissue engineering may be an alternative for cranial bone repair. Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in many clinical devices because of perfect biocompatibility, highly corrosion resistance and ideal physical properties. An important progress in treating bone defects has been the introduction of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), specifically BMP-2. The proteins induce osteogenic cell differentiation in vitro, as well as bone defect healing in vivo. In this study, we fabricated the titanium plate with dioxide creating by microarc oxidation (MAO) and then electronic deposition of Ca.P that can carrier recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to enhance osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo. The rhBMP-2 was controlled released from MAO-Ca.P-rhBMP2 implant was maintain within 35days longer than Ti without MAO modification group and without CaP electronic deposition group. In addition, the in vitro results revealed that the bioactivity of rhBMP-2 released from MAO-Ca.P-rhBMP2 implant with an ideal therapeutic dose was well maintained. In vivo, the critical-sized defect (20-mm diameter) of New Zealand White rabbits was used to experiment. We concluded that sustained controlled-release of rhBMP-2 above a therapeutic dose could induce osseointegration between the implant and surrounding bone the rate of bone formation into the implant and produce neovascularization. Our study combined the concept of osteoconductive and osteoinductive to do the bone tissue regeneration

Aims: To develope a prosthesis with porous surface based on polymer technology of metacrylates, bioactive glass S53P4 and glassfiber reinforcement to treat segmental bone defects. Methods: A sylindrical prosthesis matching anatomically shape of the rabbits tibia was prepared from bioactive glass S53P4 (granule size 90–315 μm) and polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA). The polymerization was perfomed extracorporally thus reducing the amount of toxic monomers introduced into the body. Three groups of prosthesis were made: 1. Surface of the bulk grinded to expose glass granules at its surface 2. Surface prepared porotic, porediameter 50–300 μm and biomechanical properties increased by glass fiber reinforcement 3. Prosthesis made from PMMA serving as control group. A 12 mm segmental defect was sawed in the tibia and replaced with the prosthesis. Prosthesis was fixed with DCP-plate. Evaluation was made after 4, 8 and 20 weeks by plain radiographs, CT, histology, histometry and SEM. Results: Bone incorporation at the interface was evident in areas where good tissue contact was obtained. Porotic surface structure enhanced bone ingrowth. Histometry revealed 16–30% bone contact at the interface in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Study illustrates views on biotechnical innovations combining bioactive materials to be used for bone reconstruction. This composite material has potentials to be used as new prosthesis material and artificial bone substitute

Aims

Posterior column plating through the single anterior approach reduces the morbidity in acetabular fractures that require stabilization of both the columns. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of posterior column plating through the anterior intrapelvic approach (AIP) in the management of acetabular fractures.