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Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 106-B, Issue SUPP_16 | Pages 45 - 45
19 Aug 2024
Perez SFG Zhao G Tsukamoto I Labott JR Restrepo DJ Hooke AW Zhao C Sierra RJ
Full Access

Previous studies have highlighted differences in the risk of periprosthetic fracture between tapered slip (TS) and composite beam (CB) stems. This biomechanical study explored periprosthetic fractures around these stems and the effect of adding a 16-gauge calcar or diaphyseal wire to TS stems on their resistance to torque.

A power analysis determined a sample size of 7 specimens per group, assuming a standard deviation of 14.8 Nm in peak torque, to provide 90% power to detect a difference of at least 30 Nm between groups. Twenty-one TS stems (eight alone, six with calcar wiring, seven with diaphyseal wiring placed 2 cm distal to the lesser trochanter) and seven CB stems were cemented into standard Sawbones. A servo-hydraulic test machine applied a 1000 N load with a 1-degree rotation per second until failure. The peak torque at failure was measured, and the fracture location recorded. Comparisons were performed using two-sample t-tests.

CB stems exhibited a significantly higher peak torque at failure (205.3 Nm) than TS stems (159.5 Nm, p=0.020). Calcar-wire-TS (148.2 Nm, p=0.036) and diaphyseal-wire-TS (164.9 Nm, p=0.036) were both weaker than CB stems. Wired-TS stems showed no significant difference from non-wired-TS stems. Additionally, the study could not conclude that calcar wiring is stronger than diaphyseal wiring. All TS fractures occurred at the mid-stem, simulating a B-type fracture, while the addition of the diaphyseal wire shifted the fracture location more distally in four of seven stems (p=0.0699).

This biomechanical study supports the clinical evidence that CB stems have stronger resistance to torque than TS stems and may explain lower risk of periprosthetic fracture. The addition of calcar or diaphyseal wires to TS stems resulted in no significant changes in peak torque to fracture. In patients at high risk of periprosthetic fracture, CB cemented stems should be considered.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 12, Issue 2 | Pages 91 - 102
1 Feb 2023
Li Z Chen M Wang Z Fan Q Lin Z Tao X Wu J Liu Z Lin R Zhao C

Aims

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic immune disease. Berberine, as its main active ingredient, was also contained in a variety of medicinal plants such as Berberaceae, Buttercup, and Rutaceae, which are widely used in digestive system diseases in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The aims of this article were to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of berberine on rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate the effect of berberine on the proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (RA-FLS) cells. The effect of berberine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other factors was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Transcriptome technology was used to screen related pathways and the potential targets after berberine treatment, which were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) technology.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 10, Issue 11 | Pages 704 - 713
1 Nov 2021
Zhang H Li J Xiang X Zhou B Zhao C Wei Q Sun Y Chen J Lai B Luo Z Li A

Aims

Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) has been identified as an inhibitor of oxidative stress-induced injury and apoptosis in human neural stem cells. However, the role of tBHQ in osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. This study was carried out to investigate the role of tBHQ in OA.

Methods

OA animal model was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Different concentrations of tBHQ (25 and 50 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected in ten-week-old female mice. Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage of mice and treated with 5 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 10 ng/ml interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) for 24 hours, and then treated with different concentrations of tBHQ (10, 20, and 40 μM) for 12 hours. The expression levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood were measured. The expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) leptin in plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway proteins, and macrophage repolarization-related markers, were detected by western blot.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 6 | Pages 285 - 292
1 Jun 2020
Wang Z Li H Long Z Lin S Thoreson AR Moran SL Gingery A Amadio PC Steinmann SP Zhao C

Aims

Many biomechanical studies have shown that the weakest biomechanical point of a rotator cuff repair is the suture-tendon interface at the medial row. We developed a novel double rip-stop (DRS) technique to enhance the strength at the medial row for rotator cuff repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the DRS technique with the conventional suture-bridge (SB) technique and to evaluate the biomechanical performance of the DRS technique with medial row knots.

Methods

A total of 24 fresh-frozen porcine shoulders were used. The infraspinatus tendons were sharply dissected and randomly repaired by one of three techniques: SB repair (SB group), DRS repair (DRS group), and DRS with medial row knots repair (DRSK group). Specimens were tested to failure. In addition, 3 mm gap formation was measured and ultimate failure load, stiffness, and failure modes were recorded.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 8, Issue 6 | Pages 232 - 245
1 Jun 2019
Lu C Zhang T Reisdorf RL Amadio PC An K Moran SL Gingery A Zhao C

Objectives

Re-rupture is common after primary flexor tendon repair. Characterization of the biological changes in the ruptured tendon stumps would be helpful, not only to understand the biological responses to the failed tendon repair, but also to investigate if the tendon stumps could be used as a recycling biomaterial for tendon regeneration in the secondary grafting surgery.

Methods

A canine flexor tendon repair and failure model was used. Following six weeks of repair failure, the tendon stumps were analyzed and characterized as isolated tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs).


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 7, Issue 11 | Pages 587 - 594
1 Nov 2018
Zhang R Li G Zeng C Lin C Huang L Huang G Zhao C Feng S Fang H

Objectives

The role of mechanical stress and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is important in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clearly known.

Methods

In this study, TGF-β1 from osteoclasts and knee joints were analyzed using a co-cultured cell model and an OA rat model, respectively. Five patients with a femoral neck fracture (four female and one male, mean 73.4 years (68 to 79)) were recruited between January 2015 and December 2015. Results showed that TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated in osteoclasts by cyclic loading in a time- and dose-dependent mode. The osteoclasts were subjected to cyclic loading before being co-cultured with chondrocytes for 24 hours.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 100-B, Issue SUPP_15 | Pages 125 - 125
1 Nov 2018
Zhao C
Full Access

A rotator cuff tear is one of the most common traumatic and degenerative tendon injuries resulting in over 4.5 million physician visits in the US alone. Functional restoration of rotator cuff defects usually requires surgical repair, estimated at 300,000 cased in the US annually. However, postoperative retear of repaired tendons ranges from 20% in small to medium tears to over 90% in large and massive tears. Recently, augmentation with grafting materials to strengthen a reparable tear or to bridge an unrepairable defect has become a common and attractive strategy to reduce the retear rate, especially for large or massive tears. Current graft materials, however, have encountered great challenges in achieving these goals. To meet these challenges, we have developed an engineered tendon with layered tendon-fibrocartilage-bone composite (TFBC) from patellar-tibia unit revitalized by seeding bone marrow derived stem cells (BMDSCs) within the slices, and then reassembled to an engineered tendon. Both in vitro and in vivo results have shown that engineered TFBC enhance the biomechanical strength and biological healing using canine model.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 6, Issue 3 | Pages 179 - 185
1 Mar 2017
Wu JH Thoreson AR Gingery A An KN Moran SL Amadio PC Zhao C

Objectives

The present study describes a novel technique for revitalising allogenic intrasynovial tendons by combining cell-based therapy and mechanical stimulation in an ex vivo canine model.

Methods

Specifically, canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons were used for this study and were divided into the following groups: (1) untreated, unprocessed normal tendon; (2) decellularised tendon; (3) bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)-seeded tendon; and (4) BMSC-seeded and cyclically stretched tendon. Lateral slits were introduced on the tendon to facilitate cell seeding. Tendons from all four study groups were distracted by a servohydraulic testing machine. Tensile force and displacement data were continuously recorded at a sample rate of 20 Hz until 200 Newton of force was reached. Before testing, the cross-sectional dimensions of each tendon were measured with a digital caliper. Young’s modulus was calculated from the slope of the linear region of the stress-strain curve. The BMSCs were labeled for histological and cell viability evaluation on the decellularized tendon scaffold under a confocal microscope. Gene expression levels of selected extracellular matrix tendon growth factor genes were measured. Results were reported as mean ± SD and data was analyzed with one-way ANOVAs followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple-comparison test.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 96-B, Issue SUPP_11 | Pages 263 - 263
1 Jul 2014
Imai K Ikoma K Gay R Hirano T Ozasa Y Chen Q An K Zhao C
Full Access

Summary Statement

ASTM therapy is commonly used to treat Achilles tendinopaty. However, there was no report to evaluate the biomechanical effects, especially the dynamic viscoelasticity. We have shown that ASTM treatment was biomechanically useful for chronic Achilles tendinopathy in an animal model.

Introduction

Achilles tendinopathy is a common chronic overuse injury. Because Achilles tendon overuse injury takes place in sports and there has been a general increase in the popularity of sports activities, the number and incidence of Achilles tendon overuse injury has increased. Augmented Soft Tissue Mobilization (ASTM) therapy is a modification of traditional soft tissue mobilization and has been used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. ASTM therapy is thought to promote collagen fiber realignment and hasten tendon repair. It might also change the biomechanical behavior of the injured tendon, especially the dynamic viscoelasticity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ASTM therapy in a rabbit model of Achilles tendinopathy by quantifying dynamic biomechanical properties and histologic features.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 95-B, Issue SUPP_28 | Pages 57 - 57
1 Aug 2013
Wang J Hu L Zhao C Su Y Wang T Wang M
Full Access

Objectives

Percutaneous iliosacral screw placement is a standard, stabilization technique for pelvic fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a novel biplanar robot navigation aiming system for percutaneous iliosacral screw placement in a human cadaver model.

Methods

A novel biplanar robot navigation aiming system was used in 16 intact human cadaveric pelvises for percutaneous iliosacral screw insertion. The number of successful screw placements and mean time for this insertion and intra-operative fluoroscopy per screw-pair were recorded respectively to evaluate the procedure. The accuracy of the aiming process was evaluated by computed tomography.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_III | Pages 435 - 435
1 Aug 2008
Ocaka L Zhao C O’Dowd J Child A
Full Access

Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is described as a sex-influenced autosomal dominantly inherited disorder with females more often affected than males, and operative ratio of 7F:1M (Child et al. 1999). Two AIS loci have been reported on chromosome 17p11 (Salehi et al. 2002) and chromosome 19p13.3 (Chan et al. 2002) in the Italian and Chinese populations, respectively. Three other susceptibility AIS loci on chromosome 6q, distal 10q and 18q (Wise et al. 2000), and more recently primary candidate regions on chromosomes 6, 9, 16, and 17 (Miller et al, 2005) have also been reported.

Purpose: o perform a genome scan for suitable UK multiplex families and identify new genetic loci for AIS.

Method: NA samples from 208 subjects (134 affected, 17 reduced penetrance members and 79 normal) from 25 multi-generation British families with confirmed diagnosis of AIS were selected from our AIS family database, and genotyped for 410 polymorphic markers from the entire genome, spaced at 10 cM intervals. Genotypic data were exported into Cyrillic to construct the most likely inherited haplotypes for each chromosome and in each family. Two–point LOD scores were calculated using MLINK initially for the entire genotypic data, and again for the affected meioses only, followed by GENEHUNTER for multipoint linkage analysis for each family.

Results: Overall, 170 560 genotypes were obtained and analysed. DNA samples from 250 subjects from the 25 families are currently available for further genotyping and saturation mapping. Our AIS families show absence of linkage to the X chromosome as well as previously reported AIS loci, except for chromosome 9q and 17q as reported by Miller et al. (2005). Preliminary inspection of inherited haplotypes indicates that a number of these families may be segregating with several new AIS loci with LOD scores ranging from 1.0 – 3.63 for various DNA markers on 15 different chromosomes. Linkage evaluation and comprehensive saturation mapping of the two loci with the highest LOD scores of 3.63 and 4.08 for chromosomes 9q and 17q respectively were conducted and these regions were successfully refined. Candidate genes are currently being screened.

Conclusion: Preliminary evidence already indicates genetic heterogeneity of AIS. Candidate genes from the highest LOD score regions are at present being screened.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_III | Pages 456 - 456
1 Aug 2008
Ocaka L Zhao C O’Dowd J Child A
Full Access

Purpose: To perform a genome scan for suitable UK multiplex families and identify new genetic loci for AIS.

Method: DNA samples from 208 subjects (134 affected, 17 reduced penetrance members and 79 normal) from 25 multi-generation British families with confirmed diagnosis of AIS were selected from our AIS family database, and genotyped for 410 polymorphic markers from the entire genome, spaced at 10 cM intervals. Genotypic data were exported into Cyrillic to construct the most likely inherited haplotypes for each chromosome and in each family. Two–point LOD scores were calculated using MLINK initially for the entire genotypic data, and again for the affected meioses only, followed by GENEHUNTER for multipoint linkage analysis for each family.

Results: Overall, 170,560 genotypes were obtained and analysed. DNA samples from 250 subjects from the 25 families are currently available for further genotyping and saturation mapping. Preliminary inspection of inherited haplotypes indicates that a number of these families may be segregating with several new AIS loci with LOD scores ranging from 1.0 – 3.6 for various DNA markers on 15 different chromosomes (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21), and absence of linkage to the X chromosome. Linkage evaluation and comprehensive saturation mapping of the 2 loci with the highest LOD scores were conducted and these regions were successfully refined. Candidate genes are currently being screened.

Conclusion: Preliminary evidence already indicates genetic heterogeneity of AIS. Candidate genes from the two highest LOD score loci are at present being screened.


Orthopaedic Proceedings
Vol. 90-B, Issue SUPP_III | Pages 475 - 475
1 Aug 2008
Ocaka L Zhao C O’Dowd J Child A
Full Access

Introduction: AIS is described as a sex-influenced auto-somal dominantly inherited disorder with females more often affected than males (operative ratio 7F:1M) 1. Two AIS loci have been reported on chromosomes 17p112 and 19p13.33 in the Italian and Chinese populations, respectively. Other susceptibility AIS loci on chromosomes 6p, distal 10q and 18p4, and more recently to chromosomes 6, 9, 16, and 175, and 19p136 have also been reported, in the American population.

Purpose: To perform a genome scan for suitable UK multi-generation families and identify new genetic loci for AIS.

Method: DNA samples from 208 subjects (116 affected members) from 25 British families with confirmed diagnosis of AIS were selected from our family database, and genotyped for 410 polymorphic markers from the entire genome, spaced at ~10 cM intervals. Using Cyrillic, most likely inherited haplotypes were constructed for each chromosome and family. Statistical analyses were calculated using MLINK and GENEHUNTER, initially for the entire genotypic data, and again for affected meioses only.

Results: 170,560 genotypes were obtained and analysed. Our AIS families show no linkage to the X chromosome. Preliminary inspection of inherited haplotypes indicates a number of families may be segregating with several new AIS loci with LOD scores from 1.0–3.64 for markers on 15 different chromosomes. Linkage analysis and saturation mapping of the 2 highest LOD score regions on chromosomes 9q34 and 17q25 were conducted. These regions were successfully refined and candidate genes are being screened.

Conclusion: Preliminary evidence already indicates genetic heterogeneity of AIS. Candidate genes from the two highest LOD score loci are at present being screened.