Abstract
Dislocation after Total Hip Replacement (THR) remains the second most common reason for revision in the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOA NJRR) and is the most common reason out to 3 years post operatively. There are many causes and associations of dislocation, including patient behaviour and (often unrecognized) spinal pathology leading to adverse component orientation. Femoral ball head size along with the head:neck ratio and the head:cup ratio are all important. Data from the AOA NJRR demonstrates a lower revision rate for dislocation with larger head sizes in all bearing surface combinations.
Data from the AOA NJRR confirms that the revision rate for replaced hips using non cross-linked polyethylene cups increases along with the head size, but this is not seen with cross-linked polyethylene cups.
THR using cross-linked polyethylene has a lower revision rate than THR using non cross-linked polyethylene, this difference is evident after only 3 months and the difference increases with time. The 12 year Cumulative Revision Rate (CRR) is 5.3% compared to 10.1%.
This lower rate of revision is due to a reduced revision rate for both dislocation and loosening/lysis. The revision rate for dislocation at 1 year was 0.4% for THR with cross-linked polyethylene and 0.7% with non cross-linked polyethylene.
Head sizes of 32mm and greater were used in 56.5% of THR with cross-linked polyethylene but only 12.7% of those with non cross-linked polyethylene. There was no difference in the revision rate for dislocation when head sizes of 32mm and less were compared, the difference was due to the higher proportion of larger head sizes used with cross-linked polyethylene.
However there are reasons why the benefits of larger femoral ball heads may not increase with increasing head size, this is chiefly because of altered cup subtended angles (and femoral head offset) geometries incorporated into cup and liner designs, especially the ceramic on ceramic bearings.
Larger head sizes may also increase the risk of taper disease, especially with smaller tapers and softer metal alloys. Exchangeable neck prostheses, introduced to allow surgeons more control over orientation and offset have a higher revision rate in the AOA NJRR and this increased revision rate is due to prosthetic dislocation as well as loosening/lysis.
