Abstract
The purpose of our study was to prospectively examine early functional differences in gait between the direct anterior and direct lateral surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty over the first three months postoperatively.
Forty participants were prospectively enrolled to either the direct anterior (20 patients) or direct lateral group (20 patients) based on their surgeon's expertise. Outcome measures were collected preoperatively at their preadmission appointment and postoperatively at discharge from the hospital, two weeks, six weeks and three months. We used the GAITRite® system to measure gait velocity, stride length, single-limb support and single-limb support symmetry. We also had participants complete the Timed Up and Go test and a series of questionnaires at each visit: WOMAC, SF-12, Harris Hip Score, and pain VAS.
Our primary outcome, gait velocity, was significantly greater in the direct anterior group at discharge and six weeks postoperatively with adjusted mean differences of 0.12m/s and 0.17m/s respectively. Single-limb support symmetry was also significantly better in the direct anterior group at two weeks, six weeks and three months with adjusted mean differences of 0.10, 0.09 and 0.04 respectively. The direct anterior group also had significantly shorter times to complete the Timed Up and Go test at two and six weeks with adjusted mean differences of −9.02s and −2.64s. There were no differences between the groups at any time point for the WOMAC, SF-12, Harris Hip Score, or pain VAS.
Preliminary results of our expertise-based study have found the direct anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty offers better early functional outcomes than the direct lateral approach.
