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The paper describes various surgical techniques and devices for: nucleus pulpous replacement and total lumbar disc arthroplasty/L TDR, as well as other dynamic-system preservation motion stabilization/fixation without fusion techniques (ISS-ILS, DF/semirigid (based on screw & rods)) vs. fusion.
Coverage includes indications and contraindications, surgical approaches, and the latest constructs and clinical trial results.
