Abstract
Though retear rates following rotator cuff repair are well established, we set out to review current literature to determine when early retears occurred (defined as <12m following surgery), and examine which pre- and post-operative variables might affect outcome.
Pubmed, Medline, and CINAHL were searched for literature published from 2011 to 2021 using specific search terms. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting retear rates within 12 months of initial surgical repair. Exclusionary criteria were studies that included partial thickness tears, and studies that did not use imaging modalities within 12 months to assess for retears. PRISMA guidelines were followed, identifying a total of 10 papers.
A combined total of 3372 shoulders included (Mean age 56 −67 years). The most common modality used to identify early retears were ultrasound scan and MRI. 6 of the 10 studies completed imaging at 0-3 months, 6 studies imaged at 3-6 months and 6 studies imaged at 6-12 months. Across all studies, there was a 17% early retear rate (574 patients). Of these, 13% occurred by 3 months, whilst the peak for retears occurred at 3-6 months (82%) and 5% occurred at 6-12 months. The risk of retear was higher in larger tears and extensive tendon degeneration. All studies apart from one documented a return to work/sport at 6 months post-operatively. Postoperative rehabilitation does not appear to alter retear rate, although data is limited with only 1 of 10 studies allowing active range of movement before 6 weeks. Retorn tendons had poorer functional outcomes compared to intact tendons at 12m following initial repair.
The majority of early retears occur at 3-6 months and this time period should be prioritised both in rehabilitation protocols and future research. Age, tear size, and tendon degeneration were found to influence likelihood of early retears.
