A1005. IMPACT FACTOR IN TISSUE TENSION OF EXTENSION AND FLEXION GAP BALANCE IN COMPUTER ASSISTED NAVIGATION TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (CAN TKR)

Abstract

CAN TKR is aimed to improve accuracy in realignment with balanced knee joint.

Variability in the force exerted during tissue tensioning depends on the viscoelastic nature of soft tissues.

Aim: To measure gap balance to assess effectiveness of CAN on ligament balance using gap balancing approach with tibia 1st cut.

Methods: OrthoPilot system with 4.3 software and Statistical evaluation with Testimate Version 6.0, IDV Gaunting Germany with a two sided Wilcoxon-Pratt test (P< 0.05) used simulating errors in extension and flexion gap balance. P1, control with 16 datasets created and P2-P7 (96 case series) was propagated with ±3mm variants in extension and flexion gap both medial and lateral, only varying 1, keeping others constant. Controls fixed: distal transverse plane cut at 0° to femoral mechanical axis in frontal plane and 3°external rotation in sagittal plane. Tibia cut 90° to mechanical axis. Mechanical axis constant at 0° and gap balance at 0 mm. Deviations in gap errors using trigonometrical calculations based on E-Motion femoral implant, size/thickness; 3/7mm and 4/8.5mm with variation of insert size 10/12mm equal to sum of gap and bone cut.

Results: Over tensioning (OT) distal lateral extension gap (DLEG) causes tight distal medial extension gap (DMEG). Under tensioning (UT) DLEG causes loose posterior medial flexion gap (PMFG). UT DLEG causes tight DLEG. Impact factor > 2mm increased PMFG with lateral lift off with only PMFG as variant. Increasing PMFG > 2mm caused lax PMFG. UT even by 1mm PMFG causes error by notching and tight PMFG. A considerable number of errors observed in frontal plane of femur.

Relationships between OT/UT analyzed by Spearman rank ratio p< 0.001.

Conclusions: Change of tissue spreader tension in EG or FG causes improper registration with mismatch in EG/FG/Bone cut. This study provides a baseline to further assess and develop the concept of optimal soft tissue balance as ligaments function properly only with the desired isometry in gap balancing technique.