Abstract
Introduction and Aims: In order to evaluate the hypothesis that ‘Botulinum A Toxin (BoNT-A) improves function and health-related quality of life in patients and their caregivers’, the experience of a single institution that performed over 7500 injections in 515 patients was evaluated to provide safety data, injection guidelines, and current indications.
Method: This retrospective review utilised a computerised database that contains information from open-label trials (n=6), double-blind randomised trials (n=4), and cumulative treatment experience in 1100 children and adults with cerebral palsy. Standardised data collected over the past 15 years was analysed with respect to indications, complications, dosage, function, health-related quality of life of patients and their caregivers, rehabilitation (WeeFIM), gross motor function classification (GMFCS), and response rates. Pharmacoeconomic analysis was performed by linking with state Medicaid data.
Results: BoNT-A is safe and well tolerated. There were no systemic side effects in dosages ranging from four to 25 units per kilogram body weight. Standardised injection techniques included dilution from 10 to 100 units per cc with a maximum dose of six units per kilogram in a single muscle and 25 units per kilogram in a single patient. The maximum dose was 600 units.
Short-term response rates were 65–70%; intermediate response rates 45–50%. The most frequent complications were soreness of the injection site (15%) and transient weakness (2%). Ninety-five percent of injections were performed in the office without conscious sedation. Five percent were performed under general anaesthesia or with conscious sedation.
Based on these data, current indications include dynamic tone interfering with caregiver function (e.g., equinus gait), painful spasticity, post-operative spasticity, and pain management. Contraindications are failure to respond to previous injections. Pharmacoeconomic analysis diminished cost and improved function and quality of life of patients and/or caregivers.
Conclusion: Botulinum A Toxin is a safe and cost-effective drug in patients with cerebral palsy. Response rate is 50–70%. Optimal results are obtained with appropriate intramuscular localisation and sufficient volume to saturate neuromuscular junctions.
These abstracts were prepared by Editorial Secretary, George Sikorski. Correspondence should be addressed to Australian Orthopaedic Association, Ground Floor, The William Bland Centre, 229 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
At least one of the authors is receiving or has received material benefits or support from a commercial source.
