Abstract
The management of type two odontoid peg fractures remains controversial. The policy in our unit is to initially manage all of these injuries non-operatively. Patients with displaced fractures (0.2mm translation, > 15° angulation) are placed in halo vests followed by fracture reduction under radiological control. Undisplaced or minimally displaced fractures are treated in either custom-made minerva orthoses or halo vests.
We report the results of 42 consecutive cases of type two odontoid peg fractures. There were 24 males and 18 females with a mean age of 53 (range 18–89) years. Twenty-one (50%) of patients were > 65 years of age. In 29 cases the fracture was undisplaced or minimally displaced and in the remaining 13 cases it was displaced (> 2mm translation, > 15° angulation) either posteriorly (extension-type)(6) or anteriorly (flexion type) (7). All displaced cases were treated in halo vests while the remainder were treated in minervas (14) or halo vests (15).
Loss of reduction occurred in nine cases necessitating adjustment in five and C1/2 posterior fusion in four. Of these cases five were displaced extension type-fractures, two required fusion. Pin site infection necessitated early removal of halo vest and conversion to minerva in three cases. In all of these cases fracture union was achieved.
Overall, union was achieved in 37 patients giving a non-union rate of 12%. The mean age of the five non-unions was 42 years with only one patient over 65 years of age. Four of these patients had C1/2 posterior fusions and the remaining patient refused surgery.
Of the 29 patients with displaced or minimally displaced fractures five (17%) required surgery for either non-union (3) or displacement (2), whereas three (23%) of the displaced group required surgery for non-union (1) or displacement (2). All of these were extension type fractures.
We conclude that a policy of non-operative management of these fractures resulted in union in a high proportion of patients of all age groups except for those with extension type fractures. This fracture pattern may warrant primary surgical intervention.
The abstracts were prepared by Mr Ray Moran. Correspondence should be addressed to him at the Irish Orthopaedic Association, Secretariat, c/o Cappagh Orthopaedic Hospital, Finglas, Dublin
