1. The literature on acute osteomyelitis of the maxilla in infants is reviewed and the improvement in the prognosis since the introduction of chemotherapy is noted.

2. The clinical features, diagnosis, surgical anatomy, pathology, and bacteriology are discussed and the constant pathogenicity of the staphylococcus aureus stressed. It is suggested that the first deciduous molar tooth is the centre of the early bone infection, and that the infection begins in the mucosa overlying this tooth.

3. Two cases are reported. Both were caused by a penicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.

4. The early use of aureomycin in an attempt to abort the infection is advocated.