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The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 95-B, Issue 9 | Pages 1197 - 1200
1 Sep 2013
Zhaoning X Xu Y Shaoqi T Baiqiang H Kang S

A total of 187 patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) were randomly divided into two groups, one of which underwent synovectomy. The patients and assessors were blinded to the randomisation both before and after surgery. The duration of surgery, hospitalisation period, concealed bleeding, drainage volume, blood transfusion rate and range of movement of the knee at three days after the operation were analysed. Patients were followed up at four weeks and 12 months after their operation, and a visual analogue score (VAS) for pain, Knee Society score (KSS) and a patellar ballottement test were compared between the groups. The mean amount of concealed bleeding was higher in the synovectomy group compared with the control group (1.24 l (0.08 to 3.28) vs 1.03 l (0.16 to 2.94); p = 0.042), as was the mean drainage volume (0.90 l (0.35 to 1.81) vs 0.81 (0.25 to 1.65); p = 0.030). The mean operating time was also higher in the synovectomy group compared with the controls (1.50 hours (1.34 to 1.75) vs 1.41 hours (1.21 to 1.79); p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in blood transfusion rate (p = 0.882), hospital stay (p = 0.805) or range of movement of the knee (p = 0.413) between the two groups. At four weeks and 12 months post-operatively there were no statistically significant differences in any of the measured parameters. We concluded that synovectomy confers no clinical advantages in TKR for primary OA while subjecting patients to higher levels of bleeding and longer operating times. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1197–200


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 93-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1065 - 1070
1 Aug 2011
Tanavalee A Honsawek S Rojpornpradit T Sakdinakiattikoon M Ngarmukos S

We compared inflammation in the knee after total knee replacement (TKR) for primary osteoarthritis between two groups of patients undergoing joint replacement with and without synovectomy. A total of 67 patients who underwent unilateral TKR were randomly divided into group I, TKR without synovectomy, and group II, TKR with synovectomy. Clinical outcomes, serial serum inflammatory markers (including interleukin-6 (IL-6), CRP and ESR) and the difference in temperature of the skin of the knee, compared with the contralateral side, were sequentially evaluated until 26 weeks after surgery. Pre-operatively, there were no statistically different clinical parameters between groups I and II. At the 26-week follow-up, both groups had a similarly significantly improved American Knee Society clinical score (p < 0.001) and functional score (p < 0.001) with no differences between the groups. Similar changes in serial inflammatory markers were found in both groups, including mean peak levels of IL-6 (189 pg/ml (. sd. 53.4) versus 201 pg/ml (. sd. 49.4) for groups I and II, respectively) and CRP (91 mg/L (. sd. 24.1) versus 88 mg/L (. sd. 23.4), respectively) on the first post-operative day, returning to pre-operative values at two and six weeks, respectively. The mean peak level of ESR for the respective two groups was 46 mm/hr versus 48 mm/hr at two weeks, which had still not returned to its pre-operative mean value at 26 weeks. The elevation in the skin temperature appeared to mirror the peak elevation of the ESR, with a range of 2.5° C to 4.5° C with some reduction at 26 weeks but still exceeding the pre-operative value. We concluded that synovectomy at the time of TKR does not provide any benefit to the clinical outcome or shorten the duration of the inflammatory response after surgery


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 1_Supple_A | Pages 113 - 115
1 Jan 2016
Abdel MP Della Valle CJ

A key to the success of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a safe surgical approach using an exposure that minimises complications. In most patients, a medial parapatellar arthrotomy with complete synovectomy is sufficient. If additional exposure is needed, a quadriceps snip performed through the quadriceps tendon often provides the additional exposure required. It is simple to perform and does not alter the post-operative rehabilitative protocol. In rare cases, in which additional exposure is needed, or when removal of a cemented long-stemmed tibial component is required, a tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) may be used. Given the risk of post-operative extensor lag, a V-Y quadricepsplasty is rarely indicated and usually considered only if TTO is not possible. . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):113–15


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 4, Issue 10 | Pages 776 - 781
16 Oct 2023
Matar HE Bloch BV James PJ

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate medium- to long-term outcomes and complications of the Stanmore Modular Individualised Lower Extremity System (SMILES) rotating hinge implant in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) at a tertiary unit. It is hypothesized that this fully cemented construct leads to satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective consecutive study of all patients who underwent a rTKA using the fully cemented SMILES rotating hinge prosthesis between 2005 to 2018. Outcome measures included aseptic loosening, reoperations, revision for any cause, complications, and survivorship. Patients and implant survivorship data were identified through both prospectively collected local hospital electronic databases and linked data from the National Joint Registry/NHS Personal Demographic Service. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used at ten years.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 105-B, Issue 12 | Pages 1279 - 1285
1 Dec 2023
Baker JF Nadar AC Jouflas AC Smith LS Sachdeva S Yakkanti MR Malkani AL

Aims

The use of cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components has increased during the past decade. The initial design of cementless metal-backed patellar components had shown high failure rates due to many factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of a second-generation cementless, metal-backed patellar component of a modern design.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of 707 primary TKAs in 590 patients from a single institution, using a cementless, metal-backed patellar component with a mean follow-up of 6.9 years (2 to 12). A total of 409 TKAs were performed in 338 females and 298 TKAs in 252 males. The mean age of the patients was 63 years (34 to 87) and their mean BMI was 34.3 kg/m2 (18.8 to 64.5). The patients were chosen to undergo a cementless procedure based on age and preoperative radiological and intraoperative bone quality. Outcome was assessed using the Knee Society knee and function scores and range of motion (ROM), complications, and revisions.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 106-B, Issue 9 | Pages 916 - 923
1 Sep 2024
Fricka KB Wilson EJ Strait AV Ho H Hopper, Jr RH Hamilton WG Sershon RA

Aims

The optimal bearing surface design for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) UKAs from a single high-volume institution.

Methods

Prospectively collected data were reviewed for all primary cemented medial UKAs performed by seven surgeons from January 2006 to December 2022. A total of 2,999 UKAs were identified, including 2,315 FB and 684 MB cases. The primary outcome measure was implant survival. Secondary outcomes included 90-day and cumulative complications, reoperations, component revisions, conversion arthroplasties, range of motion, and patient-reported outcome measures. Overall mean age at surgery was 65.7 years (32.9 to 94.3), 53.1% (1,593/2,999) of UKAs were implanted in female patients, and demographics between groups were similar (p > 0.05). The mean follow-up for all UKAs was 3.7 years (0.0 to 15.6).


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1373 - 1379
1 Aug 2021
Matar HE Bloch BV Snape SE James PJ

Aims

Single-stage revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is gaining popularity in treating chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). We have introduced this approach to our clinical practice and sought to evaluate rates of reinfection and re-revision, along with predictors of failure of both single- and two-stage rTKA for chronic PJI.

Methods

A retrospective comparative cohort study of all rTKAs for chronic PJI between 1 April 2003 and 31 December 2018 was undertaken using prospective databases. Patients with acute infections were excluded; rTKAs were classified as single-stage, stage 1, or stage 2 of two-stage revision. The primary outcome measure was failure to eradicate or recurrent infection. Variables evaluated for failure by regression analysis included age, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, infecting organisms, and the presence of a sinus. Patient survivorship was also compared between the groups.


Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate medium-term outcomes and complications of the S-ROM NOILES Rotating Hinge Knee System (DePuy, USA) in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) at a tertiary unit.

Methods

A retrospective consecutive study of all patients who underwent a rTKA using this implant from January 2005 to December 2018. Outcome measures included reoperations, revision for any cause, complications, and survivorship. Patients and implant survivorship data were identified through both local hospital electronic databases and linked data from the National Joint Registry/NHS Personal Demographic Service. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used at ten years.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 1 | Pages 113 - 122
1 Jan 2021
Kayani B Tahmassebi J Ayuob A Konan S Oussedik S Haddad FS

Aims

The primary aim of this study was to compare the postoperative systemic inflammatory response in conventional jig-based total knee arthroplasty (conventional TKA) versus robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty (robotic TKA). Secondary aims were to compare the macroscopic soft tissue injury, femoral and tibial bone trauma, localized thermal response, and the accuracy of component positioning between the two treatment groups.

Methods

This prospective randomized controlled trial included 30 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee undergoing conventional TKA versus robotic TKA. Predefined serum markers of inflammation and localized knee temperature were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at six hours, day 1, day 2, day 7, and day 28 following TKA. Blinded observers used the Macroscopic Soft Tissue Injury (MASTI) classification system to grade intraoperative periarticular soft tissue injury and bone trauma. Plain radiographs were used to assess the accuracy of achieving the planned postioning of the components in both groups.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 7 | Pages 1261 - 1269
1 Jul 2021
Burger JA Zuiderbaan HA Sierevelt IN van Steenbergen L Nolte PA Pearle AD Kerkhoffs GMMJ

Aims

Uncemented mobile bearing designs in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) have seen an increase over the last decade. However, there are a lack of large-scale studies comparing survivorship of these specific designs to commonly used cemented mobile and fixed bearing designs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survivorship of these designs.

Methods

A total of 21,610 medial UKAs from 2007 to 2018 were selected from the Dutch Arthroplasty Register. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to compare uncemented mobile bearings with cemented mobile and fixed bearings. Adjustments were made for patient and surgical factors, with their interactions being considered. Reasons and type of revision in the first two years after surgery were assessed.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 103-B, Issue 6 Supple A | Pages 185 - 190
1 Jun 2021
Kildow BJ Patel SP Otero JE Fehring KA Curtin BM Springer BD Fehring TK

Aims

Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) remains one option for the treatment of acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) despite imperfect success rates. Intraosseous (IO) administration of vancomycin results in significantly increased local bone and tissue concentrations compared to systemic antibiotics alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the addition of a single dose of IO regional antibiotics to our protocol at the time of DAIR would improve outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective case series of 35 PJI TKA patients, with a median age of 67 years (interquartile range (IQR) 61 to 75), who underwent DAIR combined with IO vancomycin (500 mg), was performed with minimum 12 months' follow-up. A total of 26 patients with primary implants were treated for acute perioperative or acute haematogenous infections. Additionally, nine patients were treated for chronic infections with components that were considered unresectable. Primary outcome was defined by no reoperations for infection, nor clinical signs or symptoms of PJI.


Bone & Joint Open
Vol. 2, Issue 5 | Pages 305 - 313
3 May 2021
Razii N Clutton JM Kakar R Morgan-Jones R

Aims

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Two-stage revision has traditionally been considered the gold standard of treatment for established infection, but increasing evidence is emerging in support of one-stage exchange for selected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of single-stage revision TKA for PJI, with mid-term follow-up.

Methods

A total of 84 patients, with a mean age of 68 years (36 to 92), underwent single-stage revision TKA for confirmed PJI at a single institution between 2006 and 2016. In all, 37 patients (44%) were treated for an infected primary TKA, while the majority presented with infected revisions: 31 had undergone one previous revision (36.9%) and 16 had multiple prior revisions (19.1%). Contraindications to single-stage exchange included systemic sepsis, extensive bone or soft-tissue loss, extensor mechanism failure, or if primary wound closure was unlikely to be achievable. Patients were not excluded for culture-negative PJI or the presence of a sinus.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 6 Supple A | Pages 176 - 180
1 Jun 2020
Lee G Colen DL Levin LS Kovach SJ

Aims

The integrity of the soft tissue envelope is crucial for successful treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of limb salvage, infection control, and clinical function following microvascular free flap coverage for salvage of the infected TKA.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 23 microvascular free tissue transfers for management of soft tissue defects in infected TKA. There were 16 men and seven women with a mean age of 61.2 years (39 to 81). The median number of procedures performed prior to soft tissue coverage was five (2 to 9) and all patients had failed at least one two-stage reimplantation procedure. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Knee Society Scoring system for pain and function.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 102-B, Issue 4 | Pages 458 - 462
1 Apr 2020
Limberg AK Tibbo ME Pagnano MW Perry KI Hanssen AD Abdel MP

Aims

Varus-valgus constrained (VVC) implants are often used during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to gain coronal plane stability. However, the increased mechanical torque applied to the bone-cement interface theoretically increases the risk of aseptic loosening. We assessed mid-term survivorship, complications, and clinical outcomes of a fixed-bearing VVC device in revision TKAs.

Methods

A total of 416 consecutive revision TKAs (398 patients) were performed at our institution using a single fixed-bearing VVC TKA from 2007 to 2015. Mean age was 64 years (33 to 88) with 50% male (199). Index revision TKA diagnoses were: instability (n = 122, 29%), aseptic loosening (n = 105, 25%), and prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (n = 97, 23%). All devices were cemented on the epiphyseal surfaces. Femoral stems were used in 97% (n = 402) of cases, tibial stems in 95% (n = 394) of cases; all were cemented. In total, 93% (n = 389) of cases required a stemmed femoral and tibial component. Femoral cones were used in 29%, and tibial cones in 40%. Survivorship was assessed via competing risk analysis; clinical outcomes were determined using Knee Society Scores (KSSs) and range of movement (ROM). Mean follow-up was four years (2 to 10).


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 6, Issue 3 | Pages 172 - 178
1 Mar 2017
Clement ND MacDonald DJ Hamilton DF Burnett R

Objectives

Preservation of posterior condylar offset (PCO) has been shown to correlate with improved functional results after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Whether this is also the case for revision TKA, remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the independent effect of PCO on early functional outcome after revision TKA.

Methods

A total of 107 consecutive aseptic revision TKAs were performed by a single surgeon during an eight-year period. The mean age was 69.4 years (39 to 85) and there were 59 female patients and 48 male patients. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Short-form (SF)-12 score were assessed pre-operatively and one year post-operatively. Patient satisfaction was also assessed at one year. Joint line and PCO were assessed radiographically at one year.


The Bone & Joint Journal
Vol. 98-B, Issue 10_Supple_B | Pages 34 - 40
1 Oct 2016
Emerson RH Alnachoukati O Barrington J Ennin K

Aims

Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2004, the Phase III Oxford Medial Partial Knee is used to treat anteromedial osteoarthritis (AMOA) in patients with an intact anterior cruciate ligament. This unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is relatively new in the United States, and therefore long-term American results are lacking.

Patients and Methods

This is a single surgeon, retrospective study based on prospectively collected data, analysing a consecutive series of primary UKAs using the Phase III mobile-bearing Oxford Knee and Phase III instrumentation.

Between July 2004 and December 2006, the senior author (RHE) carried out a medial UKA in 173 patients (213 knees) for anteromedial osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis (AVN).

A total of 95 patients were men and 78 were women. Their mean age at surgery was 67 years (38 to 89) and mean body mass index 29.87 kg/m2 (17 to 62).

The mean follow-up was ten years (4 to 11).


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 8 | Pages 1073 - 1076
1 Aug 2005
Cross MJ Parish EN

We prospectively reviewed 1000 consecutive patients who underwent a cementless, hydroxyapatite-coated, stemless, total knee replacement over a period of nine years. Regular post-operative clinical follow-up was performed using the Knee Society score. The mean pre-operative score was 96, improving to 182 and 180 at five and ten years, respectively. To date, there have been seven (0.5%) cases which required revision, primarily for septic loosening (four cases), with low rates of other post-operative complications. The cumulative survival at ten years with revision as the end-point, was 99.14% (95% confidence interval 92.5 to 99.8). These results support the use of hydroxyapatite in a cementless total knee replacement since it can give reliable fixation with an excellent clinical and functional outcome.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 94-B, Issue 11_Supple_A | Pages 103 - 111
1 Nov 2012
Vince KG

Seven stiff total knee arthroplasties are presented to illustrate the roles of: 1) manipulation under general anesthesia; 2) multiple concurrent diagnoses in addition to stiffness; 3) extra-articular pathology; 4) pain as part of the stiffness triad (pain and limits to flexion or extension); 5) component internal rotation; 6) multifactorial etiology; and 7) surgical exposure in this challenging clinical problem.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 94-B, Issue 9 | Pages 1154 - 1159
1 Sep 2012
Gibbs DMR Green TP Esler CN

Controversy remains regarding the optimal post-operative analgesic regimen following total knee replacement. A delicate balance is required between the provision of adequate pain relief and early mobilisation. By reviewing 29 randomised trials we sought to establish whether local infiltration of analgesia directly into the knee during surgery provides better pain relief and a more rapid rehabilitation. Although we were able to conclude that local infiltration can provide improved post-operative pain relief, and to suggest the most promising technique of administration, there is no evidence that it reduces hospital stay.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 90-B, Issue 9 | Pages 1186 - 1192
1 Sep 2008
Lyu S

The outcome of arthroscopic medial release of 255 knees in 173 patients for varying grades of osteoarthritis involving the medial compartment is reported. All operations were performed by a single surgeon between January 2001 and May 2003. The Knee Society score for pain and the patient’s subjective satisfaction were used for the outcome evaluation. Overall, satisfactory outcome was reported for 197 knees (77.3%) and the mean Knee Society score for pain improved from 17.6 (95% confidence interval, 16.7 to 18.5), pre-operatively to 39.4 (95% confidence interval, 37.9 to 41.1) (p < 0.001). There were minor manageable complications of persistent effusion in 16 knees and prolonged wound discomfort in 11. In total, 15 of the 21 knees with poor results were converted to total knee replacements and two other patients (three knees) were offered this option after a mean period of 16 months.

Based on these observations arthroscopic medial release is an effective treatment for osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee joint and can be expected to reduce the pain in the majority of patients for at least four years post-operatively.