In a rabbit model we investigated the efficacy of a silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (SF/HA) composite on the repair of a
Objectives. In order to ensure safety of the cell-based therapy for bone
regeneration, we examined in vivo biodistribution
of locally or systemically transplanted osteoblast-like cells generated
from bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear cells. Methods. BM cells obtained from a total of 13 Sprague-Dawley (SD) green
fluorescent protein transgenic (GFP-Tg) rats were culture-expanded
in an osteogenic differentiation medium for three weeks. Osteoblast-like
cells were then locally transplanted with collagen scaffolds to
the rat model of
To compare the therapeutic potential of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coral granules from either Bone marrow-derived, autologous MSCs were seeded on Objectives
Materials and Methods
The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis often
includes surgical debridement and filling the resultant void with antibiotic-loaded
polymethylmethacrylate cement, bone grafts or bone substitutes.
Recently, the use of bioactive glass to treat bone defects in infections
has been reported in a limited series of patients. However, no direct comparison
between this biomaterial and antibiotic-loaded bone substitute has
been performed. In this retrospective study, we compared the safety and efficacy
of surgical debridement and local application of the bioactive glass
S53P4 in a series of 27 patients affected by chronic osteomyelitis
of the long bones (Group A) with two other series, treated respectively
with an antibiotic-loaded hydroxyapatite and calcium sulphate compound
(Group B; n = 27) or a mixture of tricalcium phosphate and an antibiotic-loaded
demineralised bone matrix (Group C; n = 22). Systemic antibiotics
were also used in all groups. After comparable periods of follow-up, the control of infection
was similar in the three groups. In particular, 25 out of 27 (92.6%)
patients of Group A, 24 out of 27 (88.9%) in Group B and 19 out
of 22 (86.3%) in Group C showed no infection recurrence at means
of 21.8 (12 to 36), 22.1 (12 to 36) and 21.5 (12 to 36) months follow-up,
respectively, while Group A showed a reduced wound complication
rate. Our results show that patients treated with a bioactive glass
without local antibiotics achieved similar eradication of infection
and less drainage than those treated with two different antibiotic-loaded
calcium-based bone substitutes. Cite this article:
We used demineralised bone matrix (DBM) to augment re-attachment of tendon to a metal prosthesis in an A significant increase of 23.5% was observed in functional weight-bearing at six weeks in the DBM-augmented group compared with non-augmented controls (p = 0.004). By 12 weeks augmentation with DBM resulted in regeneration of a more direct-type enthesis, with regions of fibrocartilage, mineralised fibrocartilage and bone. In the controls the interface was predominantly indirect, with the tendon attached to the bone graft-hydroxyapatite base plate by perforating collagen fibres.
The feasibility of bone transport with bone substitute and the factors which are essential for a successful bone transport are unknown. We studied six groups of 12 Japanese white rabbits. Groups A to D received cylindrical autologous bone segments and groups E and F hydroxyapatite prostheses. The periosteum was preserved in group A so that its segments had a blood supply, cells, proteins and scaffold. Group B had no blood supply. Group C had proteins and scaffold and group D had only scaffold. Group E received hydroxyapatite loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and group F had hydroxyapatite alone. Distraction osteogenesis occurred in groups A to C and E which had osteo-conductive transport segments loaded with osteo-inductive proteins. We conclude that scaffold and proteins are essential for successful bone transport, and that bone substitute can be used to regenerate bone.
The efficacy of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-gene-modified bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was evaluated for the repair of experimentally-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in goats. Bilateral early-stage osteonecrosis was induced in adult goats three weeks after ligation of the lateral and medial circumflex arteries and delivery of liquid nitrogen into the femoral head. After core decompression, porous β-TCP loaded with BMP-2 gene- or β-galactosidase (gal)-gene-transduced BMSCs was implanted into the left and right femoral heads, respectively. At 16 weeks after implantation, there was collapse of the femoral head in the untreated group but not in the BMP-2 or β-gal groups. The femoral heads in the BMP-2 group had a normal density and surface, while those in the β-gal group presented with a low density and an irregular surface. Histologically, new bone and fibrous tissue were formed in the macropores of the β-TCP. Sixteen weeks after implantation, lamellar bone had formed in the BMP-2 group, but there were some empty cavities and residual fibrous tissue in the β-gal group. The new bone volume in the BMP-2 group was significantly higher than that in the β-gal group. The maximum compressive strength and Young’s modulus of the repaired tissue in the BMP-2 group were similar to those of normal bone and significantly higher than those in the β-gal group. Our findings indicate that porous β-TCP loaded with BMP-2-gene-transduced BMSCs are capable of repairing early-stage, experimentally-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and of restoring its mechanical function.