1. The pathological anatomy in a case of convex pes valgus in a patient with myelomeningocele is described. 2. A neuromuscular imbalance between the tibialis posterior and the evertors of the foot is suggested as the underlying cause of this type of foot deformity

We present a case of L2/3 interspinous bursitis treated with extraspinal injections. No previous investigations have used fluoroscopically guided spinal injections to confirm the clinical relevance of the MRI features of this type of bursae. Autopsy studies have revealed an increased incidence of interspinous lumbar bursal cavities with advancing age. Afflicted patients present with localised, midline lower lumbar pain exacerbated by extension. In young athletes these symptoms can mimic spondylolysis. MRI is useful in detecting soft-tissue injury of the posterior elements. Fluoroscopically guided diagnostic and therapeutic extraspinal injections can be used for confirmation and treatment of pain from such bursae

We studied active flexion from 90° to 133° and passive flexion to 162° using MRI in 20 unloaded knees in Japanese subjects. Flexion over this arc is accompanied by backward movement of the medial femoral condyle of 4.0 mm and by backward movement laterally of 15 mm, i.e., by internal rotation of the tibia. At 162° the lateral femoral condyle lies posterior to the tibia

The operative treatment of septic arthritis of the shoulder in infants has been facilitated by the use of a 30° wrist arthroscope. We have treated three children under the age of three years using this technique. After initial aspiration of the joint, an arthroscope was inserted using the posterior approach. Washout was performed under direct vision and complete clearance of pus allowed assessment of the inflammation and the damage to articular cartilage. The procedure was minimally invasive and gave excellent cosmesis without compromising care. Full recovery was achieved with a single intervention

We report the results of 23 soft-tissue release procedures in 15 patients who had juvenile chronic arthritis. The operation, which includes hamstring tenotomies and posterior capsulotomy, is a safe and effective way of eliminating contracture, relieving pain and improving function

Aims

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in patients with pre-operatively moderate and severe arthritic varus ankles to those achieved for patients with neutral ankles.

Objectives

Loss of motion following spine segment fusion results in increased strain in the adjacent motion segments. However, to date, studies on the biomechanics of the cervical spine have not assessed the role of coupled motions in the lumbar spine. Accordingly, we investigated the biomechanics of the cervical spine following cervical fusion and lumbar fusion during simulated whiplash using a whole-human finite element (FE) model to simulate coupled motions of the spine.

Aims

To investigate whether elective joint arthroplasty performed at the weekend is associated with a different 30-day mortality versus that performed between Monday and Friday.

1. Three cases of fracture of the neck of the radius with medial displacement of the head are described. 2. It is proposed that such injuries be classified into two types: 1) displacement of the radial head without dislocation of the elbow; and 2) displacement during posterior dislocation of the elbow

1. The symptoms, signs and treatment of three patients with a posterior dislocation of the clavicle are described. 2. The value of tomography in confirming the diagnosis is outlined. 3. Certain experimental work has been done in an attempt to determine the factors necessary to produce this dislocation

Aims

Instability remains a challenging problem in both primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Dual mobility components confer increased stability, but there are concerns about the unique complications associated with these designs, as well as the long-term survivorship.

We describe the clinical features of calcifying tendonitis in the medial head of gastrocnemius in three elderly female patients. The presenting symptom was chronic pain in the posteromedial area of the knee in two patients and acute pain in the back of the knee in one. All had limitation of movement of the knee and marked tenderness in the region of the tendinous origin of the medial head of gastrocnemius with posterior knee pain induced by stretching the tendon. An injection of 1% lidocaine and steroid into the tendon resulted in temporary relief from pain and improved movement

In the time since Letournel popularised the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures, more than 25 years ago, there have been many changes within the field, related to patients, surgical technique, implants and post-operative care. However, the long-term outcomes appear largely unchanged. Does this represent stasis or have the advances been mitigated by other negative factors? In this article we have attempted to document the recent changes within the surgery of patients with a fracture involving the acetabulum, outline contemporary management, and identify the major problem areas where further research is most needed.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1125–31

Sprung back is one of the commonest causes of low back pain. Its characteristic features are described. It is caused by rupture of the posterior ligaments of the spine, including sometimes the posterior longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus. The manner in which it is produced and its mechanical effects are discussed in detail

We reviewed 26 patients who had had internal fixation of an open intra-articular supracondylar fracture of the humerus. All operations were performed using a posterior approach, 13 with a triceps split and 13 with an olecranon osteotomy. The outcome was assessed by means of the Mayo Elbow score, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and the SF-36 Physical Function score. Patients with an olecranon osteotomy had less good results

Aims

The optimal method of tibial component fixation remains uncertain in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Hydroxyapatite coatings have been applied to improve bone ingrowth in uncemented designs, but may only coat the directly accessible surface. As peri-apatite (PA) is solution deposited, this may increase the coverage of the implant surface and thereby fixation. We assessed the tibial component fixation of uncemented PA-coated TKAs versus cemented TKAs.

A case of Dupuytren's contracture is described, in which, both clinically and histologically, knuckle pad lesions involved the extensor tendons. Surgical excision of the Dupuytren's tissue from the dorsal aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joints, freeing of the lateral extensor slips and posterior capsulotomy resulted in marked functional improvement

A rare form of injury to the distal tibial growth plate is described. Only two patients with such an injury have been reported previously. The injury, rotational displacement of the distal tibial epiphysis with posterior displacement of the fibula but without fracture, can be reduced easily and appears to have no lasting ill-effects

Thirty-six patients with 39 fresh fractures of the calcaneus were investigated by standard radiography and by computerised tomography. It was found that the size and disposition of the fracture fragments and the degree of involvement of the posterior facet of the subtalar joint were more clearly shown by CT scanning. We recommend this technique for assessment and particularly for pre-operative planning