To determine whether there is any difference in infection rate
at 90 days between trauma operations performed in laminar flow and
plenum ventilation, and whether infection risk is altered following
the installation of laminar flow (LF). We assessed the impact of plenum ventilation (PV) and LF on the
rate of infection for patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma operations.
All NHS hospitals in England with a trauma theatre(s) were contacted
to identify the ventilation system which was used between April
2008 and March 2013 in the following categories: always LF, never
LF, installed LF during study period (subdivided: before, during
and after installation) and unknown. For each operation, age, gender,
comorbidity, socio-economic deprivation, number of previous trauma
operations and surgical site infection within 90 days (SSI90) were
extracted from England’s national hospital administrative Hospital
Episode Statistics database. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR)
were used to compare ventilation groups using hierarchical logistic
regression. Subanalysis was performed for hip hemiarthroplasties.Aims
Patients and Methods
The February 2015 Hip &
Pelvis Roundup360 looks at: Hip arthroplasty in Down syndrome; Bulk femoral autograft successful in acetabular reconstruction; Arthroplasty follow-up: is the internet the solution?; Total hip arthroplasty following acetabular fracture; Salvage arthroplasty following failed hip internal fixation; Bone banking sensible financially and clinically; Allogenic blood transfusion in arthroplasty.
The leading indication for revision total hip
arthroplasty (THA) remains aseptic loosening owing to wear. The younger,
more active patients currently undergoing THA present unprecedented
demands on the bearings. Ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings have
consistently shown the lowest rates of wear. The recent advances,
especially involving alumina/zirconia composite ceramic, have led
to substantial improvements and good results Alumina/zirconia composite ceramics are extremely hard, scratch
resistant and biocompatible. They offer a low co-efficient of friction
and superior lubrication and lower rates of wear compared with other
bearings. The major disadvantage is the risk of fracture of the
ceramic. The new composite ceramic has reduced the risk of fracture
of the femoral head to 0.002%. The risk of fracture of the liner
is slightly higher (0.02%). Assuming that the components are introduced without impingement,
CoC bearings have major advantages over other bearings. Owing to
the superior hardness, they produce less third body wear and are
less vulnerable to intra-operative damage. The improved tribology means that CoC bearings are an excellent
choice for young, active patients requiring THA. Cite this article:
The goals of this study were to define the risk factors, characteristics,
and chronology of fractures in 5417 revision total hip arthroplasties
(THAs). From our hospital’s prospectively collected database we identified
all patients who had undergone a revision THA between 1969 and 2011
which involved the femoral stem. The patients’ medical records and
radiographs were examined and the relevant data extracted. Post-operative
periprosthetic fractures were classified using the Vancouver system.
A total of 5417 revision THAs were identified.Aims
Patients and Methods
The long-term functional outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA)
performed by trainees is not known. A multicentre retrospective
study of 879 THAs was undertaken to investigate any differences
in outcome between those performed by trainee surgeons and consultants. A total of 879 patients with a mean age of 69.5 years (37 to
94) were included in the study; 584 THAs (66.4%) were undertaken
by consultants, 138 (15.7%) by junior trainees and 148 (16.8%) by
senior trainees. Patients were scored using the Harris Hip Score
(HHS) pre-operatively and at one, three, five, seven and ten years
post-operatively. Surgical outcome, complications and survival were
compared between groups. The effect of supervision was determined
by comparing supervised and unsupervised trainees. A primary univariate
analysis was used to select variables for inclusion in multivariate
analysis. Aims
Patients and Methods
The ‘jumbo’ acetabular component is now commonly
used in acetabular revision surgery where there is extensive bone
loss. It offers high surface contact, permits weight bearing over
a large area of the pelvis, the need for bone grafting is reduced
and it is usually possible to restore centre of rotation of the
hip. Disadvantages of its use include a technique in which bone
structure may not be restored, a risk of excessive posterior bone
loss during reaming, an obligation to employ screw fixation, limited
bone ingrowth with late failure and high hip centre, leading to increased
risk of dislocation. Contraindications include unaddressed pelvic
dissociation, inability to implant the component with a rim fit,
and an inability to achieve screw fixation. Use in acetabulae with
<
50% bone stock has also been questioned. Published results
have been encouraging in the first decade, with late failures predominantly because
of polyethylene wear and aseptic loosening. Dislocation is the most
common complication of jumbo acetabular revisions, with an incidence
of approximately 10%, and often mandates revision. Based on published results,
a hemispherical component with an enhanced porous coating, highly
cross-linked polyethylene, and a large femoral head appears to represent
the optimum tribology for jumbo acetabular revisions. Cite this article:
The objective of this study was to determine if combining variations in mixing technique of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement with low frequency ultrasound (LFUS) improves antibiotic elution during the initial high phase (Phase I) and subsequent low phase (Phase II) while not diminishing mechanical strength. Three batches of vancomycin-loaded PMMA were prepared with different mixing techniques: a standard technique; a delayed technique; and a control without antibiotic. Daily elution samples were analysed using flow injection analysis (FIA). Beginning in Phase II, samples from each mix group were selected randomly to undergo either five, 15, 45, or 0 minutes of LFUS treatment. Elution amounts between LFUS treatments were analysed. Following Phase II, compression testing was done to quantify strength. Objectives
Methods
Hip replacement is a very successful operation and the outcome is usually excellent. There are recognised complications that seem increasingly to give rise to litigation. This paper briefly examines some common scenarios where litigation may be pursued against hip surgeons. With appropriate record keeping, consenting and surgical care, the claim can be successfully defended if not avoided. We hope this short summary will help to highlight some common pitfalls. There is extensive literature available for detailed study.
Increasing demand for total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA)
and associated follow-up has placed huge demands on orthopaedic
services. Feasible follow-up mechanisms are therefore essential. We conducted an audit of clinical follow-up decision-making for
THA/TKA based on questionnaire/radiograph review compared with local
practice of Arthroplasty Care Practitioner (ACP)-led outpatient
follow-up. In all 599 patients attending an ACP-led THA/TKA follow-up
clinic had a pelvic/knee radiograph, completed a pain/function questionnaire
and were reviewed by an ACP. An experienced orthopaedic surgeon
reviewed the same radiographs and questionnaires, without patient
contact or knowledge of the ACP’s decision. Each pathway classified
patients into: urgent review, annual monitoring, routine follow-up
or discharge. Aims
Methods
T-cells are considered to play an important role in the inflammatory response causing arthroplasty failure. The study objectives were to investigate the composition and distribution of CD4+ T-cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients undergoing revision surgery for failed metal-on-metal (MoM) and metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) hip arthroplasties, and in patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty. In this prospective case-control study, PB and SF were obtained from 22 patients (23 hips) undergoing revision of MoM (n = 14) and MoP (n = 9) hip arthroplasties, with eight controls provided from primary hip osteoarthritis cases awaiting arthroplasty. Lymphocyte subtypes in samples were analysed using flow cytometry.Objectives
Methods
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating
complication for patients and results in greatly increased costs
of care for both healthcare providers and patients. More than 15
500 revision hip and knee procedures were recorded in England, Wales
and Northern Ireland in 2013, with infection accounting for 13%
of revision hip and 23% of revision knee procedures. We report our experience of using antibiotic eluting absorbable
calcium sulphate beads in 15 patients (eight men and seven women
with a mean age of 64.8 years; 41 to 83) as part of a treatment
protocol for PJI in revision arthroplasty. The mean follow-up was 16 months (12 to 22). We report the outcomes
and complications, highlighting the risk of hypercalcaemia which
occurred in three patients. We recommend that serum levels of calcium be routinely sought
following the implantation of absorbable calcium sulphate beads
in orthopaedic surgery. Cite this article:
The accurate reconstruction of hip anatomy and
biomechanics is thought to be important in achieveing good clinical
outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA). To this end some
newer hip designs have introduced further modularity into the design
of the femoral component such that neckshaft angle and anteversion,
which can be adjusted intra-operatively. The clinical effect of
this increased modularity is unknown. We have investigated the changes
in these anatomical parameters following conventional THA with a
prosthesis of predetermined neck–shaft angle and assessed the effect
of changes in the hip anatomy on clinical outcomes. In total, 44 patients (mean age 65.3 years (standard deviation
( The mean pre-operative neck–shaft angle was significantly increased
by 2.8° from 128° ( Cite this article:
The August 2015 Hip &
Pelvis Roundup360 looks at: The well-fixed acetabular revision; Predicting complications in revision arthroplasty; Is infection associated with fixation?; Front or back? An enduring question in hip surgery; Muscle-sparing approaches?; Gabapentin as a post-operative analgesic adjunct; An Indian take on AVN of the hip; Weight loss and arthroplasty
If patients could recall their physical status
before total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA) accurately it
could have valuable applications both clinically and for research.
This study evaluated the accuracy of a patient’s recollection one
year after either THA or TKA using the Oxford hip or knee scores
(OHS and OKS). In total, 113 patients (59 THA, 54 TKA) who had completed
the appropriate score pre-operatively were asked to complete the
score again at a mean of 12.4 months (standard deviation ( While there were no significant differences between the actual
and recalled pre-operative scores (OHS mean difference 0.8, A patient’s recollection of pre-operative pain and function is
inaccurate one year after THA or TKA. Cite this article:
Oxidised zirconium (OxZi) has been developed
as an alternative bearing surface for femoral heads in total hip arthroplasty
(THA). This study has investigated polyethylene wear, functional
outcomes and complications, comparing OxZi and cobalt–chrome (CoCr)
as part of a three-arm, multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Patients undergoing THA from four institutions were prospectively
randomised into three groups. Group A received a CoCr femoral head
and highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) liner; Group B received
an OxZi femoral head and XLPE liner; Group C received an OxZi femoral
head and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liner.
At five years, 368 patients had no statistically significant differences
in short-form-36 (p = 0.176 mental, p = 0.756 physical), Western
Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (p = 0.847),
pain scores
(p = 0.458) or complications. The mean rate of linear wear was 0.028
mm/year (standard deviation ( Cite this article:
There is no single standardised method of measuring
the orientation of the acetabular component on plain radiographs
after total hip arthroplasty. We assessed the reliability and accuracy
of three methods of assessing anteversion of the acetabular component
for 551 THAs using the PolyWare software and the methods of Liaw
et al, and of Woo and Morrey. All measurements of the three methods
had excellent intra- and inter-observer reliability. The values
of the PolyWare software, which determines version of the acetabular
component by edge detection were regarded as the reference standard.
Although the PolyWare software and the method of Liaw et al were similarly
precise, the method of Woo and Morrey was significantly less accurate
(p <
0.001). The method of Liaw et al seemed to be more accurate
than that of Woo and Morrey when compared with the measurements
using the PolyWare software. If the qualified lateral radiograph
was selected, anteversion measured using the method of Woo and Morrey
was considered to be relatively reliable. Cite this article:
We evaluated the accuracy with which a custom-made
acetabular component could be positioned at revision arthroplasty
of the hip in patients with a Paprosky type 3 acetabular defect. A total of 16 patients with a Paprosky type 3 defect underwent
revision surgery using a custom-made trabecular titanium implant.
There were four men and 12 women with a median age of 67 years (48
to 79). The planned inclination (INCL), anteversion (AV), rotation
and centre of rotation (COR) of the implant were compared with the post-operative
position using CT scans. A total of seven implants were malpositioned in one or more parameters:
one with respect to INCL, three with respect to AV, four with respect
to rotation and five with respect to the COR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which
CT data acquired for the pre-operative planning of a custom-made
revision acetabular implant have been compared with CT data on the
post-operative position. The results are encouraging. Cite this article:
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the risk
factors, prevention strategies, classification, and treatment of
intra-operative femur fractures sustained during primary and revision
total hip arthroplasty.
In this study we evaluated whether pre-operative
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis
scores can predict satisfaction following total hip arthroplasty
(THA). Prospective data for a cohort of patients undergoing THA
from two large academic centres were collected, and pre-operative
and one-year post-operative WOMAC scores and a 25-point satisfaction
questionnaire were obtained for 446 patients. Satisfaction scores
were dichotomised into either improvement or deterioration. Scatter
plots and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to describe
the association between pre-operative WOMAC and one-year post-operative WOMAC
scores and patient satisfaction. Satisfaction was compared using
receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis against pre-operative,
post-operative and δ WOMAC scores. We found no relationship between pre-operative WOMAC scores and
one-year post-operative WOMAC or satisfaction scores, with Spearman’s
rank correlation coefficients of 0.16 and –0.05, respectively. The
ROC analysis showed areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.54 (pre-operative
WOMAC), 0.67 (post-operative WOMAC) and 0.43 (δ WOMAC), respectively,
for an improvement in satisfaction. We conclude that the pre-operative WOMAC score does not predict
the post-operative WOMAC score or patient satisfaction after THA,
and that WOMAC scores can therefore not be used to prioritise patient
care. Cite this article:
We report the kinematic and early clinical results
of a patient- and observer-blinded randomised controlled trial in which
CT scans were used to compare potential impingement-free range of
movement (ROM) and acetabular component cover between patients treated
with either the navigated ‘femur-first’ total hip arthroplasty (THA) method
(n = 66; male/female 29/37, mean age 62.5 years; 50 to 74) or conventional
THA (n = 69; male/female 35/34, mean age 62.9 years; 50 to 75).
The Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the Harris hip score, the
Euro-Qol-5D and the Mancuso THA patient expectations score were
assessed at six weeks, six months and one year after surgery. A
total of 48 of the patients (84%) in the navigated ‘femur-first’
group and 43 (65%) in the conventional group reached all the desirable
potential ROM boundaries without prosthetic impingement for activities
of daily living (ADL) in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
and rotation (p = 0.016). Acetabular component cover and surface
contact with the host bone were >
87% in both groups. There was
a significant difference between the navigated and the conventional
groups’ Harris hip scores six weeks after surgery (p = 0.010). There
were no significant differences with respect to any clinical outcome
at six months and one year of follow-up. The navigated ‘femur-first’
technique improves the potential ROM for ADL without prosthetic
impingement, although there was no observed clinical difference
between the two treatment groups. Cite this article: