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The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 7 | Pages 874 - 878
1 Jul 2007
Atilla B Ali H Aksoy MC Caglar O Tokgozoglu AM Alpaslan M

We have reviewed 54 patients who had undergone 61 total hip replacements using bulk femoral autografts to augment a congenitally dysplastic acetabulum. There were 52 women and two men with a mean age of 42.4 years (29 to 76) at the time of the index operation. A variety of different prostheses was used: 28 (45.9%) were cemented and 33 (54.1%) uncemented. The graft technique remained unchanged throughout the series.

Follow-up was at a mean of 8.3 years (3 to 20). The Hospital for Special Surgery hip score improved from a mean of 10.7 (4 to 18) pre-operatively to a mean of 35 (28 to 38) at follow-up.

The position of the acetabular component was anatomical in 37 hips (60.7%), displaced less than 1 cm in 20 (32.7%) and displaced more than 1 cm in four (6.6%). Its cover was between 50% and 75% in 34 hips (55.7%) and less than 50% in 25 (41%). In two cases (3.3%), it was more than 75%.

There was no graft resorption in 36 hips (59%), mild resorption in 21 (34%) and severe resorption in four (6%).

Six hips (9.8%) were revised for aseptic loosening. The overall rate of loosening and revision was 14.8%. Overall survival at 8.3 years was 93.4%.

The only significant factor which predicted failure was the implantation of the acetabular component more than 1 cm from the anatomical centre of rotation of the hip.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1463 - 1464
1 Nov 2005
Dezateux C Roposch A


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1363 - 1368
1 Oct 2007
Barakat MJ While T Pyman J Gargan M Monsell F

The results of a functional, clinical and radiological study of 30 children (60 hips) with whole-body cerebral palsy were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 10.2 years (9.5 to 11). Correction of windsweep deformity of the hips was performed by bilateral simultaneous combined soft-tissue and bony surgery at a mean age of 7.7 years (3.1 to 12.2).

We were able to recall 22 patients; five had died of unrelated causes and three were lost to follow-up. Evaluation involved interviews with patients/carers and clinical and radiological examination.

The gross motor functional classification system was used to assess overall motor function and showed improvement in seven patients. Of the 12 patients thought to have pain pre-operatively, only one had pain post-operatively. Improved handling was reported in 18 of 22 patients (82%). Those with handling problems were attributed by the carers to growth of the patients. All patients/carers considered the procedure worthwhile. The range of hip movements improved, and the mean windsweep index improved from 50 pre-operatively to 36 at follow-up.

The migration percentage and centre-edge angle were assessed on plain radiographs. Radiological containment improved, the mean migration percentage improved from 50 pre-operatively to 20 at follow-up and the mean centre-edge angle improved from −5° to 29°.

No statistical difference was noted between the three-year and ten-year follow-up results, indicating that the improvements in clinical and radiological outcome had been maintained.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 3 | Pages 291 - 295
1 Mar 2007
Langdown AJ Pickard RJ Hobbs CM Clarke HJ Dalton DJN Grover ML

We reviewed the initial post-operative radiographs of the Trident acetabulum and identified a problem with seating of the metal-backed ceramic liner. We identified 117 hips in 113 patients who had undergone primary total hip replacement using the Trident shell with a metal-backed alumina liner. Of these, 19 (16.4%) were noted to have incomplete seating of the liner, as judged by plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. One case of complete liner dissociation necessitating early revision was not included in the prevalence figures. One mis-seated liner was revised in the early post-operative period and two that were initially incompletely seated were found on follow-up radiographs to have become correctly seated. There may be technical issues with regard to the implanting of this prosthesis of which surgeons should be aware. However, there is the distinct possibility that the Trident shell deforms upon implantation, thereby preventing complete seating of the liner.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1536 - 1540
1 Nov 2005
Sharma S Sibinski M Sherlock DA

It has been reported that there is an association between Perthes’ disease and poverty. We examined the demographic data of a group of 240 children (263 hips) who presented with Perthes’ disease in Greater Glasgow, where the mean deprivation scores are substantially greater than in the rest of Scotland, to see if this association applied and whether other clues to the aetiology of Perthes’ disease could be found. There were 197 boys and 43 girls; 39 (16.25%) had a family history of Perthes’ disease. Bone age in this series was heavily skewed towards the lower percentiles. The mean number of siblings was 1.9, with 31 (12.9%) being an only child. Maternal age at the birth of the first child showed no preponderance of older mothers. Maternal smoking during and after pregnancy was noted in 132 (55%), which compared with the 52% reported in the population of Greater Glasgow in general. Of the children in our series, 60 (25%) were in social class IV and V. However, this applies to more than half of the population of Greater Glasgow. There was no significant evidence of a preponderance of Perthes’ disease in the most deprived groups. The aetiology of Perthes’ disease is likely to be multifactorial and may include a genetic or deprivation influence resulting in delayed bone age.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 12 | Pages 1627 - 1630
1 Dec 2005
Nagoya S Nagao M Takada J Kaya M Iwasaki T Yamashita T

We performed rotational acetabular osteotomy in order to treat dysplasia of the hip in five ambulatory adults with cerebral palsy. There was one man and four women, with a mean age of 21 years (16 to 27) who were followed up for a mean of 12 years and two months.

The mean Sharp angle improved from 52° to 43°, the mean acetabular index from 30.2° to 2.8°, the mean centre-edge angle from −5.6° to 29.2°, and the mean acetabular head index from 49.2 to 88.2. There was no progression of joint degeneration and relief from pain was maintained.

Our results suggest that rotational acetabular osteotomy is a valuable option for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia in adults with cerebral palsy who have incapacitating pain in the hip.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1459 - 1462
1 Nov 2005
Crawford JR Villar RN


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 88-B, Issue 3 | Pages 310 - 314
1 Mar 2006
Sexton SA Stossel CA Haddad FS

The Kent hip is a distally-locked femoral stem which was developed to address severe proximal bone loss, severe bony deformity and peri-prosthetic fracture.

We reviewed the results of 145 consecutive Kent hips implanted into 141 patients between 1987 and 2000. The indications for implantation were aseptic loosening (75 hips), septic loosening (two), peri-prosthetic and prosthetic fracture (37), severe bony deformity (24), and fracture through a proximal femoral metastasis (seven).

The median time to full weight-bearing after surgery was two days and the mean length of follow-up was 5.1 years (2 to 15). Further revisions were required for 13 femoral stems. With removal of the stem for any reason as an end-point, the cumulative survival at five, ten and 15 years was 93%, 89% and 77%, respectively. In patients aged ≥ 70 years, the cumulative survival at 15 years was 92%, compared with 68% in those aged < 70 years. Because of these findings, we recommend the use of interlocking stems in patients aged ≥ 70 years, particularly in those with a peri-prosthetic fracture, for whom alternative methods are limited. Outcome scores and survival data, compared with other systems, indicate that the Kent hip should be used with caution in younger patients.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 88-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1279 - 1285
1 Oct 2006
Parvizi J Campfield A Clohisy JC Rothman RH Mont MA

Arthritis of the hip in the young adult can be a disabling condition. Recent years have witnessed extensive research related to the management of this condition. This article reviews the current status with regard to aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of arthritis of the hip in the young adult.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 88-B, Issue 7 | Pages 865 - 869
1 Jul 2006
Comba F Buttaro M Pusso R Piccaluga F

We reviewed the clinical and radiological results of 131 patients who underwent acetabular revision for aseptic loosening with impacted bone allograft and a cemented acetabular component. The mean follow-up was 51.7 months (24 to 156).

The mean post-operative Merle D’Aubigné and Postel scores were 5.7 points (4 to 6) for pain, 5.2 (3 to 6) for gait and 4.5 (2 to 6) for mobility. Radiological evaluation revealed migration greater than 5 mm in four acetabular components. Radiological failure matched clinical failure. Asymptomatic radiolucent lines were observed in 31 of 426 areas assessed (7%). Further revision was required in six patients (4.5%), this was due to infection in three and mechanical failure in three. The survival rate for the reconstruction was 95.8% (95% confidence interval 92.3 to 99.1) overall, and 98%, excluding revision due to sepsis.

Our study, from an independent centre, has reproduced the results of the originators of the method.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 4 | Pages 449 - 454
1 Apr 2007
Kim Y Kim J Yoon S

We studied prospectively the long-term results of the Charnley Elite-Plus femoral stem in 184 consecutive young patients (194 hips). There were 130 men and 54 women with a mean age of 49.1 years (21 to 60). The predominant diagnosis was osteonecrosis of the femoral head (63.6%, 117 patients). Clinical and radiological evaluation was undertaken at each follow-up. The mean follow-up was 11.2 years (10 to 12).

The mean pre-operative Harris hip score was 43.4 (12 to 49) which improved to 91 (59 to 100) at the final follow-up. The survival of the femoral stem at 12 years was 99% with revision as the end-point. The mean annual linear wear of the polyethylene liner was 0.17 mm (0.13 to 0.22). The prevalence of acetabular osteolysis was 10.8% (21 hips) and osteolysis of the calcar femorale 12.9% (25 hips).

A third-generation cementing technique, accurate alignment of the stem and the use of a 22 mm zirconia head were important factors in the prevention of aseptic loosening of the Elite Plus femoral stem in these high-risk young patients.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 8 | Pages 995 - 1000
1 Aug 2007
Siapkara A Duncan R

Talipes equinovarus is one of the more common congenital abnormalities affecting the lower limb and can be challenging to manage. This review provides a comprehensive update on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus with emphasis on the initial treatment. Current management is moving away from operative towards a more conservative treatment using the Ponseti regime. The long-term results of surgical correction and the recent results of conservative treatment will be discussed.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 12 | Pages 1611 - 1616
1 Dec 2005
Badhe NP Howard PW

We evaluated the use of a stemmed acetabular component in the treatment of severe acetabular deficiency during revision and complex primary total hip arthroplasty.

There were 31 hips of which 24 were revisions (20 for aseptic loosening, four for infection) and the remainder were complex primary arthroplasties. At a mean follow-up of 10.7 years (6 to 12.8), no component had been revised for aseptic loosening; one patient had undergone a revision of the polyethylene liner for wear. There was one failure because of infection. At the latest follow-up, the cumulative survival rate for aseptic loosening, with revision being the end-point, was 100%; for radiographic loosening it was 92% and for infection and radiographic loosening it was 88%. These results justify the continued use of this stemmed component for the reconstruction of severe acetabular deficiency.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 89-B, Issue 12 | Pages 1574 - 1580
1 Dec 2007
Hallan G Lie SA Furnes O Engesaeter LB Vollset SE Havelin LI

Primary uncemented femoral stems reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register between 1987 and 2005 were included in this prospective observational study. There were 11 516 hips (9679 patients) and 14 different designs of stem. Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities and Cox regression were used to analyse the data.

With aseptic loosening as the end-point, all currently used designs performed excellently with survival of 96% to 100% at ten years. With the end-point as stem revision for any cause, the long-term results of the different designs varied from poor to excellent, with survival at 15 years ranging between 29% and 97%. Follow-up for longer than seven years was needed to identify some of the poorly-performing designs. There were differences between the stems; the Corail, used in 5456 hips, was the most frequently used stem with a survival of 97% at 15 years. Male gender was associated with an increased risk of revision of × 1.3 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.52), but age and diagnosis had no influence on the results. Overall, modern uncemented femoral stems performed well.

Moderate differences in survival between well-performing stems should be interpreted with caution since the differences may be caused by factors other than the stem itself.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 3 | Pages 306 - 309
1 Mar 2005
Ito H Matsuno T Minami A

We present the medium-term results of hybrid total hip arthroplasties using pre-coated stems with a second-generation cementing technique. The 128 hips in 111 patients (18 men and 93 women) were followed up at a mean of 11 years after surgery. The mean age at the time of surgery was 61 years. Both components of one hip were removed at ten months after surgery for infection. None of the other 127 femoral components showed possible, probable, or definite loosening at the most recent follow-up. Five acetabular components were revised for aseptic loosening, recurrent dislocation, or displacement of the polyethylene liner from the metal shell. The mean Harris hip score at follow-up was 84 points. A pre-coated femoral component with a second-generation cementing technique provides good clinical function and survival in the medium term.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 88-B, Issue 4 | Pages 472 - 476
1 Apr 2006
Savarino L Greco M Cenni E Cavasinni L Rotini R Baldini N Giunti A

Modern metal-on-metal bearings produce less wear debris and osteolysis, but have the potential adverse effect of release of ions. Improved ceramic-on-ceramic bearings have the lowest wear of all, but the corrosion process has not been analysed.

Our aim was to measure the serum ion release (ng/ml) in 23 patients having stable hip prostheses with a ceramic-on-ceramic coupling (group A) and to compare it with the release in 42 patients with a metal-on-metal bearing (group B) in the medium term. Reference values were obtained from a population of 47 healthy subjects (group C). The concentrations of chromium, cobalt, aluminium and titanium were measured.

There was a significant increase of cobalt, chromium and aluminium levels (p < 0.05) in group B compared with groups A and C. Group A did not differ significantly from the control group. Despite the apparent advantage of a metal-on-metal coupling, especially in younger patients with a long life expectancy, a major concern arises regarding the extent and duration of ion exposure. For this reason, the low corrosion level in a ceramic-on-ceramic coupling could be advantageous.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 87-B, Issue 9 | Pages 1197 - 1202
1 Sep 2005
Fawzy E Mandellos G De Steiger R McLardy-Smith P Benson MKD Murray D

We followed up 76 consecutive hips with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia treated by acetabular shelf augmentation for a mean period of 11 years. Survival analysis using conversion to hip replacement as an end-point was 86% at five years and 46% at ten years. Forty-four hips with slight or no narrowing of the joint space pre-operatively had a survival of 97% at five and 75% at ten years. This was significantly higher (p = 0.0007) than that of the 32 hips with moderate or severe narrowing of the joint-space, which was 76% at five and 22% at ten years. There was no significant relationship between survival and age (p = 0.37) or the pre- and post-operative centre-edge (p = 0.39) and acetabular angles (p = 0.85).

Shelf acetabuloplasty is a reliable, safe procedure offering medium-term symptomatic relief for adults with acetabular dysplasia. The best results were achieved in patients with mild and moderate dysplasia of the hip with little arthritis.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 88-B, Issue 11 | Pages 1492 - 1496
1 Nov 2006
Gordon GS Simkiss DE

We reviewed the evidence for hip surveillance in children with cerebral palsy from the published literature.

Publications were identified using the Cochrane controlled trials register, the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases and by hand searching key journals and their references. Studies were included if they reported the frequency, associated risk factors or surveillance measures undertaken to identify subluxation or dislocation of the hip in children with cerebral palsy. Assessment of the quality of the methodology was undertaken independently by two researchers.

Four studies described the natural history, incidence and risk factors for dislocation of the hip. Two reported their surveillance results. Approximately 60% of children who were not walking by five years of age were likely to develop subluxation of the hip, with the greatest risk in those with severe neurological involvement. The introduction of surveillance programmes allowed earlier identification of subluxation and reduced the need for surgery on dislocated hips.

Surveillance can identify children most at risk of subluxation using radiological methods which are widely available.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 88-B, Issue 5 | Pages 586 - 591
1 May 2006
Wang J Fong C Su Y Yu H

Failure of total hip arthroplasty with acetabular deficiency occurred in 55 patients (60 hips) and was treated with acetabular revision using morsellised allograft and a cemented metal-backed component. A total of 50 patients (55 hips) were available for clinical and radiological evaluation at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years (3 to 9.5). No hip required further revision of the acetabular component because of aseptic loosening.

All the hips except one had complete incorporation of the allograft demonstrated on the radiographs. A complete radiolucent line of > 1 mm was noted in two hips post-operatively. A good to excellent result occurred in 50 hips (91%). With radiological evidence of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component as the end-point, the survivorship at a mean of 5.8 years after surgery was 96.4%.

The use of impacted allograft chips in combination with a cemented metal-backed acetabular component and screw fixation can achieve good medium-term results in patients with acetabular bone deficiency.


The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume
Vol. 88-B, Issue 10 | Pages 1373 - 1378
1 Oct 2006
Debnath UK Guha AR Karlakki S Varghese J Evans GA

In order to treat painful subluxation or dislocation secondary to cerebral palsy, 11 patients (12 hips) underwent combined femoral and Chiari pelvic osteotomies with additional soft-tissue releases at a mean age of 14.1 years (9.1 to 17.8). Relief of pain, improvement in movement of the hip, and in sitting posture, and ease of perineal care were recorded in all, and were maintained at a mean follow-up of 13.1 years (8 to 17.5). The improvement in general mobility was marginal, but those who were able to walk benefited the most.

The radiological measurements made before operation were modified afterwards to use the lateral margin of the neoacetabulum produced by the pelvic osteotomy. The radiological migration index improved from a mean of 80.6% (61% to 100%) to 13.7% (0% to 33%) (p < 0.0001). The mean changes in centre edge angle and Sharp’s angle were 72° (56° to 87°; p < 0.0001) and 12.3° (9° to 15.6°; p < 0.0001), respectively. Radiological evidence of progressive arthritic change was seen in one hip, in which only a partial reduction had been achieved, and there was early narrowing of the joint space in another. Painless heterotopic ossification was observed in one patient with athetoid quadriplegia. In seven hips the lateral Kawamura approach, elevating the greater trochanter, provided exposure for both osteotomies and allowed the construction of a dome-shaped iliac osteotomy, while protecting the sciatic nerve.