Aims. A total of 30 patients with thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated between 1989 and 2000 with anterior correction and fusion surgery using dual-rod instrumentation were reviewed. . Patients and Methods. Radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared among patients with lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) at the lower end vertebra (LEV; EV group) (n = 13) and those treated by short fusion (S group), with LIV one level proximal to EV (n = 17 patients). . Results. The allocation of the surgical technique was determined by the flexibility of the TL/L curves and/or neutral vertebrae located one level above LEV as determined on preoperative radiographs. If these requirements were met a short fusion was performed. The mean follow-up period was 21.4 years (16 to 27). The mean correction rate at final follow-up was significantly lower in the S group (74 . sd. 11%) than in the EV group (88 . sd. 13%) (p = 0.004).Coronal and sagittal balance, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and clinical outcomes evaluated by the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire scores were equivalent between the two groups. . Conclusion. Short fusion strategy, which uses LIV one level proximal to LEV can be considered as an alternative to the conventional strategy, which includes LEV in the fusion, when highly flexible TL/L curves are confirmed and/or neutral vertebrae are located one level above LEV in patients with thoracolumbar/lumbar AIS curves. Take home message: Short fusion strategy can be considered as an alternative to the conventional strategy in patients with thoracolumbar/lumbar AIS curves undergoing anterior spinal fusion with dual-rod instrumentation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:402–9

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The incidence of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) continues to increase. However, there are currently few long-term studies on the complications of AFFs and factors affecting them. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the outcomes, complications, and risk factors for complication through mid-term follow-up of more than three years.

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To determine the relationship between articular cartilage status and clinical outcomes after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOHTO) for medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis at intermediate follow-up.

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One-stage revision hip arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has several advantages; however, resection of the proximal femur might be necessary to achieve higher success rates. We investigated the risk factors for resection and re-revisions, and assessed complications and subsequent re-revisions.

A national, multi-centre study was designed in which a questionnaire quantifying the degree of patient satisfaction and residual symptoms in patients following total knee replacement (TKR) was administered by an independent, blinded third party survey centre. A total of 90% of patients reported satisfaction with the overall functioning of their knee, but 66% felt their knee to be ‘normal’, with the reported incidence of residual symptoms and functional problems ranging from 33% to 54%. Female patients and patients from low-income households had increased odds of reporting dissatisfaction. Neither the use of contemporary implant designs (gender-specific, high-flex, rotating platform) or custom cutting guides (CCG) with a neutral mechanical axis target improved patient-perceived outcomes. However, use of a CCG to perform a so-called kinematically aligned TKR showed a trend towards more patients reporting their knee to feel ‘normal’ when compared with a so called mechanically aligned TKR . This data shows a degree of dissatisfaction and residual symptoms following TKR, and that several recent modifications in implant design and surgical technique have not improved the current situation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):96–100

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The aim of this study was to determine if uncemented acetabular polyethylene (PE) liner geometry, and lip size, influenced the risk of revision for instability or loosening.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a major orthopaedic intervention. The length of a patient's stay has been progressively reduced with the introduction of enhanced recovery protocols: day-case surgery has become the ultimate challenge. This narrative review shows the potential limitations of day-case TKA. These constraints may be social, linked to patient’s comorbidities, or due to surgery-related adverse events (e.g. pain, post-operative nausea and vomiting, etc.). . Using patient stratification, tailored surgical techniques and multimodal opioid-sparing analgesia, day-case TKA might be achievable in a limited group of patients. The younger, male patient without comorbidities and with an excellent social network around him might be a candidate. Demographic changes, effective recovery programmes and less invasive surgical techniques such as unicondylar knee arthroplasty, may increase the size of the group of potential day-case patients. . The cost reduction achieved by day-case TKA needs to be balanced against any increase in morbidity and mortality and the cost of advanced follow-up at a distance with new technology. These factors need to be evaluated before adopting this ultimate ‘fast-track’ approach. . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B(10 Suppl A):40–4

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Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an established treatment for acetabular dysplasia. It has also been proposed as a treatment for patients with acetabular retroversion. By reviewing a large cohort, we aimed to test whether outcome is equivalent for both types of morphology and identify factors that influenced outcome.

We describe a surgical technique for ankle arthrodesis using an anterior approach to the ankle and internal fixation with an anteriorly-placed AO T plate. A total of 33 patients who had ankle arthrodeses have been followed retrospectively. Thirty-one (94%) of the ankles fused although two patients developed tibial stress fractures. Four patients had a superficial infection which did not prevent union. The surgical technique is simple, easily reproducible and gives excellent clinical results with a high rate of union

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The Oswestry-Bristol Classification (OBC) is an MRI-specific assessment tool to grade trochlear dysplasia. The aim of this study is to validate clinically the OBC by demonstrating its use in selecting treatments that are safe and effective.

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The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the association between exchange of modular parts in debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) procedure and outcomes for hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

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This study investigates the effects of intra-articular injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on lameness, pain, and quality of life in osteoarthritic canine patients.

The aims of this study were to report functional outcomes of salvage procedures for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) who have chronic dislocation of the hip using validated scoring systems, and to compare the results of three surgical techniques. We reviewed 37 patients retrospectively. The mean age at the time of surgery was 12.2 years (8 to 22) and the mean follow-up was 56 months (24 to 114). Patients were divided into three groups: 14 who underwent proximal femoral resection arthroplasty (PFRA group 1), ten who underwent subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy (SVO group 2), and 13 who underwent subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy with resection of the femoral head (SVO with FHR group 3). All patients were evaluated using the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Significant improvements occurred in most CPCHILD and PedsQL subsection scores following surgery in all patients, without significant differences between the groups. There were 12 post-operative complications. Less severe complications were seen in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. Salvage surgery appears to provide pain relief in patients with CP who have painful chronic dislocation of the hip. The three salvage procedures produced similar results, however, we recommend the use of PFRA as the complications are less severe. Take home message: Salvage surgery can be of benefit to patients with CP with chronic painful hip dislocation, but should be limited to selected patients considering complications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:137–43

In 11 paediatric patients (seven girls and four boys, from 12 to 15 years old) with unilateral obligatory patellar dislocation and ligamentous laxity vastus medialis advancement, lateral release, partial patellar ligament transposition and Galeazzi semitendinosus tenodesis was undertaken to stabilise the patella. The diagnostic criterion for ligamentous laxity was based on the Beighton scale. Outcomes were evaluated radiologically and functionally by measurement of the range of knee movement and isokinetic testing. The evaluation also included the Lysholm knee scale. Follow-up studies took place at a mean of 8.1 years (5 to 15) post-operatively. Normal patellar tracking without any recurrence of dislocation was obtained in ten out of 11 patients. Pain related to vigorous activity was reported by nine patients. Compared with the opposite normal side, the isokinetic tests revealed a statistically significant decrease in the maximal torque values for the affected quadriceps muscle (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004), but no difference between the knee flexors (for angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s) (p = 0.858 and p = 0.79). The applied surgical technique generally prevents the recurrence of the disorder in children with habitual patellar dislocation and ligamentous laxity. Quadriceps muscle weakness can be expected to occur post-operatively,. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;96-B:129–33

Instability after total knee replacement (TKR) accounts for 10% to 22% of revision procedures. All patients who present for evaluation of instability require a thorough history to be taken and physical examination, as well as appropriate imaging. Deep periprosthetic infection must be ruled out by laboratory testing and an aspiration of the knee must be carried out. The three main categories of instability include flexion instability, extension instability (symmetric and asymmetric), and genu recurvatum. Most recently, the aetiologies contributing to, and surgical manoeuvres required to correct, flexion instability have been elucidated. While implant design and patient-related factors may certainly contribute to the aetiology, surgical technique is also a significant factor in all forms of post-operative instability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):112–4

1. A study is presented of 286 extra-articular subtalar arthrodeses done during the years 1958 to 1965 on 258 patients with pes calcaneo-valgus, pes planovalgus, pes varus or flail foot. 2. Certain changes in the surgical technique originally presented by Grice have been made. We have applied the arthrodesis not only to valgus feet but also to varus feet, and we have described the details of the surgical technique as used on the varus foot. 3. In none of our cases was there failure of fusion or reabsorption of the graft. The unsatisfactory results (239 per cent) were caused by residual varus or valgus deformity of the foot

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To achieve the functional benefits of the direct anterior (DA) approach and the fixation benefits of cemented replacement, this study combined the two techniques posing the following questions: does the limited access of the DA approach adversely affect the cement technique?; and does such a cementing technique reduce the incidence of cementless complications?

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It is important to understand the rate of complications associated with the increasing burden of revision shoulder arthroplasty. Currently, this has not been well quantified. This review aims to address that deficiency with a focus on complication and reoperation rates, shoulder outcome scores, and comparison of anatomical and reverse prostheses when used in revision surgery.