Aims

Our aim was to develop and validate nomograms that would predict the cumulative incidence of sarcoma-specific death (CISSD) and disease progression (CIDP) in patients with localized high-grade primary central and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.

Aims

Bone demonstrates good healing capacity, with a variety of strategies being utilized to enhance this healing. One potential strategy that has been suggested is the use of stem cells to accelerate healing.

1. A study of 2,200 patients receiving electro-convulsive therapy showed that fifty-three sustained fractures or dislocations—an incidence of 2·4 per cent. Of the fifty-three injuries, twenty-one occurred in the spine, fifteen in the neck of femur, fifteen in the upper end of humerus, one in the coracoid process; one dislocated jaw required anaesthesia for its reduction (other cases of transient dislocation of the jaw are excluded). 2. The incidence, site, and type of spinal fractures are recorded, and the relation of the fracture to the first convulsion is noted. No late changes were found in the spines of patients examined two years or more after treatment. A neutral position of the spine during the convulsion is believed to diminish the risk of fracture. 3. Fracture of the neck of the femur is a serious injury in these patients. In one case the injury was bilateral. 4. The fifteen cases of fracture-dislocation of the upper humerus are analysed. They included two cases of posterior dislocation of the humeral head; the possible mechanism of this is explained and a method of prevention suggested. 5. Fifty-three patients with chronic epilepsy with psychosis were examined. Four cases of fractured spine were discovered. The site of fracture was different from that of fractures caused by convulsive therapy and a reason for this is suggested. The type and mechanism of the fracture are similar in the two groups

Aims

Although chondrosarcomas (CSs) display true malignant features, including local recurrence (LR) and metastases, their behaviour in the hands and feet is thought to differ from that in other parts of the axial and appendicular skeleton by having a lower metastatic potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease-specific and surgical factors that affect the local and systemic prognosis of CS of the hands and feet.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of solute carrier family 20 member 2 (SLC20A2) gene mutation (identified from a hereditary multiple exostoses family) on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.

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This observational study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic upon the paediatric trauma burden of a district general hospital. We aim to compare the nature and volume of the paediatric trauma during the first 2020 UK lockdown period with the same period in 2019.

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The purpose of this study was to: review the efficacy of the induced membrane technique (IMT), also known as the Masquelet technique; and investigate the relationship between patient factors and technique variations on the outcomes of the IMT.

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Fibrinolysis plays a key transition step from haematoma formation to angiogenesis and fracture healing. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) is a non-invasive biophysical modality proven to enhance fibrinolytic factors. This study investigates the effect of LMHFV on fibrinolysis in a clinically relevant animal model to accelerate osteoporotic fracture healing.

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Despite recent advances in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, re-tear rates remain high. New methods to improve healing rates following rotator cuff repair must be sought. Our primary objective was to determine if adjunctive bone marrow stimulation with channelling five to seven days prior to arthroscopic cuff repair would lead to higher Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) scores at 24 months postoperatively compared with no channelling.

1. The avascular zone in the tendon of the supraspinatus near its insertion was not seen in the other tendons comprising the rotator cuff, except for the superior portion of the insertion of the infraspinatus which, on occasions, showed a small avascular area. The biceps tendon, however, also showed an avascular zone as it coursed over the head of the humerus. It is suggested that the anatomical disposition of these tendons makes them subject to constant pressure from the head of the humerus, which tends to wring out the blood supply to these tendons when the arm is held in the resting position of adduction and neutral rotation. 2. Although this study did not produce any evidence that the relative avascularity of the tendons over a prolonged period could be indicted as the sole cause of the degenerative changes that so commonly occur, it was noted that the degenerative changes occurred first and that they were always most extensive in the areas of avascularity. It was also observed that the zones of relative avascularity preceded, and were not the result of, the degenerative changes. 3. With the onset of tendon degeneration, secondary vascular phenomena were observed. Firstly, there was a reaction that appeared to be a foreign body inflammatory response with the development of vascular tufts of granulation tissue. It was thought that these vascular changes were secondary to the breakdown in the tendons and were not the cause of the breakdown as previously suggested by Anderson and Moore. it was noted, moreover, that with the progression of degenerative changes in the supraspinatus tendon, the tendon became much attenuated and, as it did so, the zone of relative avascularity appeared to extend. This secondary shut-down of the vascular bed might well be caused by an increased tension in the tendon. In those tendons in which spontaneous rupture had occurred, it was noted that the major part of the tendon proximal to the rupture was avascular and showed evidence of much degenerative change. This study therefore suggests that in the operative repair of such lesions it is necessary to excise the degenerate avascular tendon in order to effect a sound repair. It is also suggested that detachment of the supraspinatus muscle from the supraspinous fossa in order to advance the whole muscle belly is the only technique possible to enable the surgeon to replace healthy tendon directly into bone, as suggested by Debeyre and his colleagues

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for patients with a proximal humerus fracture, using time-driven activity based costing (TDABC), and to compare treatment costs with reimbursement under the Healthcare Resource Groups (HRGs).

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The aim of this study was to explore whether time to surgery affects functional outcome in displaced proximal humeral fractures

A review of the pathology, mechanism, and operative treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder, based on an analysis of 180 cases, with 159 operations, is presented. From this analysis the following conclusions have been made and appear to be substantiated:. 1. The pathology comprises two important elements: (a) anterior detachment of the glenoid labrum from the bone margin of the glenoid, associated with some degree of stripping of the anterior part of the capsule from the front of the neck of the scapula, found in 87 per cent. of cases examined adequately at operation; (b) defect or flattening of the posterolateral aspect of the articular surface of the head of the humerus which engages with the glenoid cavity when the arm is in external rotation and abduction; this defect is demonstrated most readily in antero-posterior radiographs taken with the humerus in 60 to 70 degrees of internal rotation and was shown to be present in 82 per cent. of cases which had been subjected to adequate radiographic examination. 2. The frequency of the humeral head defect has been under-estimated in the past, because of the difficulty of demonstrating it, particularly when the defect is small. 3. Either type of lesion alone may predispose to recurrence of the dislocation. 4. Both types of lesion are often present in the same shoulder. When this is the case the tendency to redislocation is great. 5. The initial dislocation, which results in the development of one or both these persistent structural abnormalities, may be due to very different types of injury, the commonest of which is a fall on the outstretched hand. The factor common to all these injuries is a resultant force acting on the humeral head in the direction of the anterior glenoid margin. 6. In the treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder joint the Nicola operation is unreliable, and it may be associated with a recurrence rate as high as 36 per cent. It is believed that continued instability after this operation is usually due to the presence of a defect of the humeral head. 7. Operative treatment should aim at repairing, or nullifying, the effects of both types of lesion. For anterior detachment of the labrum this involves either suturing the labrum back to the glenoid margin, or constructing some form of anterior buttress, fibrous or bony: for humeral head defects it necessitates some procedure designed to limit external rotation, thus preventing the defect from coming into engagement with the glenoid cavity. Such limitation of external rotation does not constitute a significant disability

Aims

Scapular notching is thought to have an adverse effect on the outcome of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). However, the matter is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical impact of scapular notching on outcomes after RTSA.

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This study presents patient-reported quality of life (QoL) over the first year following surgical debridement of long bone osteomyelitis. It assesses the bone involvement, antimicrobial options, coverage of soft tissues, and host status (BACH) classification as a prognostic tool and its ability to stratify cases into ‘uncomplicated’ or ‘complex’.

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COVID-19 remains the major focus of healthcare provision. Managing orthopaedic emergencies effectively, while at the same time protecting patients and staff, remains a challenge. We explore how the UK lockdown affected the rate, distribution, and type of orthopaedic emergency department (ED) presentations, using the same period in 2019 as reference. This article discusses considerations for the ED and trauma wards to help to maintain the safety of patients and healthcare providers with an emphasis on more remote geography.