We used the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man (NJR) to investigate the risk of revision due to prosthetic joint infection (PJI) for patients undergoing primary and revision hip arthroplasty, the changes in risk over time, and the overall burden created by PJI. We analysed revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed due to a diagnosis of PJI and the linked index procedures recorded in the NJR between 2003 and 2014. The cohort analysed consisted of 623 253 index primary hip arthroplasties, 63 222 index revision hip arthroplasties and 7585 revision THAs performed due to a diagnosis of PJI. The prevalence, cumulative incidence functions and the burden of PJI (total procedures) were calculated. Overall linear trends were investigated with log-linear regression.Objectives
Methods
Multimodal infiltration of local anaesthetic provides effective
control of pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
There is little information about the added benefits of posterior
capsular infiltration (PCI) using different combinations of local
anaesthetic agents. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness
of the control of pain using multimodal infiltration with and without
infiltration of the posterior capsule of the knee. In a double-blind, randomised controlled trial of patients scheduled
for unilateral primary TKA, 86 were assigned to be treated with
multimodal infiltration with (Group I) or without (Group II) PCI.
Routine associated analgesia included the use of bupivacaine, morphine,
ketorolac and epinephrine. All patients had spinal anaesthesia and patient-controlled
analgesia (PCA) post-operatively. A visual analogue scale (VAS)
for pain and the use of morphine were recorded 24 hours post-operatively.
Side effects of the infiltration, blood loss, and length of stay
in hospital were recorded.Aims
Patients and Methods
Only limited data are available regarding the
infiltration of local anaesthetic for total hip arthroplasty (THA),
and no studies were performed for THA using the anterior approach. In this prospective, randomised placebo-controlled study we investigated
the effect of both standard and reverse infiltration of local anaesthetic
in combination with the anterior approach for THA. The primary endpoint
was the mean numeric rating score for pain four hours post-operatively.
In addition, we recorded the length of hospital stay, the operating
time, the destination of the patient at discharge, the use of pain
medication, the occurrence of side effects and pain scores at various
times post-operatively. Between November 2012 and January 2014, 75 patients were included
in the study. They were randomised into three groups: standard infiltration
of local anaesthetic, reversed infiltration of local anaesthetic,
and placebo. There was no difference in mean numeric rating score
for pain four hours post-operatively (p = 0.87). There were significantly
more side effects at one and eight hours post-operatively in the
placebo group (p = 0.02; p = 0.03), but this did not influence the
mobilisation of the patients. There were no differences in all other
outcomes between the groups. We found no clinically relevant effect when the infiltration
of local anaesthetic with ropivacaine and epinephrine was used in
a multimodal pain protocol for THA using the anterior approach. Cite this article:
Advances in the treatment of periprosthetic joint
infections of the hip have once more pushed prosthesis preserving techniques
into the limelight. At the same time, the common infecting organisms
are evolving to become more resistant to conventional antimicrobial
agents. Whilst the epidemiology of resistant staphylococci is changing,
a number of recent reports have advocated the use of irrigation
and debridement and one-stage revision for the treatment of periprosthetic
joint infections due to resistant organisms. This review presents
the available evidence for the treatment of periprosthetic joint
infections of the hip, concentrating in particular on methicillin
resistant staphylococci. Cite this article:
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a potential treatment
for isolated bone on bone osteoarthritis when limited to a single
compartment. The risk for revision of UKA is three times higher
than for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this review was
to discuss the different revision options after UKA failure. A search was performed for English language articles published
between 2006 and 2016. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 105
papers were selected for further analysis. Of these, 39 papers were
deemed to contain clinically relevant data to be included in this review.Objectives
Materials and Methods
We conducted a study to determine whether radiological parameters
correlate with patient reported functional outcome, health-related
quality of life and physical measures of function in patients with
a fracture of the distal radius. The post-operative palmar tilt and ulnar variance at six weeks
and 12 months were correlated with the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation,
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and EuroQol scores,
grip strength, pinch strength and range of movement at three, six
and 12 months for 50 patients (mean age 57 years; 26 to 85) having surgical
fixation, with either percutaneous pinning or reconstruction with
a volar plate, for a fracture of the distal radius.Aims
Patients and Methods
The last decade has seen a considerable increase
in the use of in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) to treat patients
with end-stage arthritis of the ankle. However, the longevity of
the implants is still far from that of total knee and hip arthroplasties. The aim of this review is to outline a diagnostic and treatment
algorithm for the painful TAA to be used when considering revision
surgery. Cite this article:
After an injury, the biological reattachment of tendon to bone is a challenge because healing takes place between a soft (tendon) and a hard (bone) tissue. Even after healing, the transition zone in the enthesis is not completely regenerated, making it susceptible to re-injury. In this study, we aimed to regenerate Achilles tendon entheses (ATEs) in wounded rats using a combination of kartogenin (KGN) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Wounds created in rat ATEs were given three different treatments: kartogenin platelet-rich plasma (KGN-PRP); PRP; or saline (control), followed by histological and immunochemical analyses, and mechanical testing of the rat ATEs after three months of healing.Objectives
Methods
Our purpose was to determine the quality of current randomised
controlled trials (RCTs) in hand surgery using standardised metrics. Based on five-year mean impact factors, we selected the six journals
that routinely publish studies of upper extremity surgery. Using
a journal-specific search query, 62 RCTs met our inclusion criteria.
Then three blinded reviewers used the Jadad and revised Coleman Methodology
Score (RCMS) to assess the quality of the manuscripts.Aims
Materials and Methods
All-suture anchors are increasingly used in rotator cuff repair procedures. Potential benefits include decreased bone damage. However, there is limited published evidence for the relative strength of fixation for all-suture anchors compared with traditional anchors. A total of four commercially available all-suture anchors, the ‘Y-Knot’ (ConMed), Q-FIX (Smith & Nephew), ICONIX (Stryker) and JuggerKnot (Zimmer Biomet) and a traditional anchor control TWINFIX Ultra PK Suture Anchor (Smith & Nephew) were tested in cadaveric human humeral head rotator cuff repair models (n = 24). This construct underwent cyclic loading applied by a mechanical testing rig (Zwick/Roell). Ultimate load to failure, gap formation at 50, 100, 150 and 200 cycles, and failure mechanism were recorded. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Objectives
Materials and Methods
The PROximal Fracture of the Humerus Evaluation by Randomisation
(PROFHER) randomised clinical trial compared the operative and non-operative
treatment of adults with a displaced fracture of the proximal humerus
involving the surgical neck. The aim of this study was to determine
the long-term treatment effects beyond the two-year follow-up. Of the original 250 trial participants, 176 consented to extended
follow-up and were sent postal questionnaires at three, four and
five years after recruitment to the trial. The Oxford Shoulder Score
(OSS; the primary outcome), EuroQol 5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L), and any recent
shoulder operations and fracture data were collected. Statistical
and economic analyses, consistent with those of the main trial were
applied.Aims
Patients and Methods
Femoral impaction bone grafting was first developed in 1987 using
morselised cancellous bone graft impacted into the femoral canal
in combination with a cemented, tapered, polished stem. We describe
the evolution of this technique and instrumentation since that time. Between 1987 and 2005, 705 revision total hip arthroplasties
(56 bilateral) were performed with femoral impaction grafting using
a cemented femoral stem. All surviving patients were prospectively
followed for a mean of 14.7 years (9.8 to 28.3) with no loss to
follow-up. By the time of the final review, 404 patients had died.Aims
Patients and Methods
One method of femoral head preservation following avascular necrosis
(AVN) is core decompression and insertion of a tantalum rod. However,
there may be a high failure rate associated with this procedure.
The purpose of this study was to document the clinical and radiological
outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA) subsequent to failed
tantalum rod insertion. A total of 37 failed tantalum rods requiring total hip arthroplasty
were identified from a prospective database. There were 21 hips
in 21 patients (12 men and nine women, mean age 37 years, 18 to
53) meeting minimum two year clinical and radiographic follow-up
whose THAs were carried out between November 2002 and April 2013
(mean time between tantalum rod implantation and conversion to a
THA was 26 months, 6 to 72). These were matched by age and gender
to individuals (12 men, nine women, mean age 40 years, 18 to 58)
receiving THA for AVN without prior tantalum rod insertion.Aims
Patients and Methods
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of
the most feared and challenging complications following total knee arthroplasty.
We provide a detailed description of our current understanding regarding
the management of PJI of the knee, including diagnostic aids,
pre-operative planning, surgical treatment, and outcome. Cite this article:
The use of large-diameter metal-on-metal (MoM)
components in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with an increased
risk of early failure due to adverse local tissue reaction to metal
debris (ARMD) in response to the release of metal ions from the
bearing couple and/or head-neck taper corrosion. The aim of this
paper was to present a review of the incidence and natural history
of ARMD and the forms of treatment, with a focus on the need for
and extent of resection or debulking of the pseudotumour. An illustrative
case report is presented of a patient with an intra-pelvic pseudotumour
associated with a large diameter MoM THA, which was treated successfully
with revision of the bearing surface to a dual mobility couple and
retention of the well-fixed acetabular and femoral components. The
pseudotumour was left Cite this article:
We wished to compare the clinical outcome, as assessed by questionnaires
and the rate of complications, in total knee arthroplasty (TKA)
undertaken with patient-matched positioning guides (PMPGs) or conventional
instruments. A total of 180 patients (74 men, 106 women; mean age 67 years)
were included in a multicentre, adequately powered, double-blind,
randomised controlled trial. The mean follow-up was 44 months (24
to 57).Aims
Patients and Methods
The June 2014 Oncology Roundup360 looks at: Infection still a problem in endoprosthetic reconstruction; massive allografts not as successful as we perhaps think; curopsy for aneurysmal bone cysts?; lengthening prosthesis: days are numbered; new WHO classification in brief; proximal tumours and fluid levels: bad news; infection is predictable in orthopaedic oncology; psychosocial support key in oncological outcomes.
