The anterior pelvic internal fixator is increasingly used for
the treatment of unstable, or displaced, injuries of the anterior
pelvic ring. The evidence for its use, however, is limited. The
aim of this paper is to describe the indications for its use, how
it is applied and its complications. We reviewed the case notes and radiographs of 50 patients treated
with an anterior pelvic internal fixator between April 2010 and
December 2015 at a major trauma centre in the United Kingdom. The
median follow-up time was 38 months (interquartile range 24 to 51).Aims
Patients and Methods
This study explores the epidemiology of patients with a fracture
of the scaphoid presenting to a regional teaching hospital. All patients with a confirmed fracture of the scaphoid over a
retrospective period between January 2010 and May 2013 were included.
Their demographics, deprivation status and when the fracture occurred
was noted and assessed. There were 415 fractures in 365 males and
50 females.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aims of this study were to determine the proportion of patients
with outlier varus or valgus alignment in kinematically aligned
total knee arthroplasty (TKA), whether those with outlier varus
or valgus alignment have higher forces in the medial or lateral
compartments of the knee than those with in-range alignment and
whether measurements of the alignment of the limb, knee and components
predict compartment forces. The intra-operative forces in the medial and lateral compartments
were measured with an instrumented tibial insert in 67 patients
who underwent a kinematically aligned TKA during passive movement.
The mean of the forces at full extension, 45° and 90° of flexion
determined the force in the medial and lateral compartments. Measurements
of the alignment of the limb and the components included the hip-knee-ankle
(HKA) angle, proximal medial tibial angle (PMTA), and distal lateral
femoral angle (DLFA). Measurements of the alignment of the knee
and the components included the tibiofemoral angle (TFA), tibial
component angle (TCA) and femoral component angle (FCA). Alignment was
measured on post-operative, non-weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP)
scanograms and categorised as varus or valgus outlier or in-range
in relation to mechanically aligned criteria.Aims
Patients and Methods
Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) may be used in the treatment of
non-reconstructable radial head fractures. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the mid-term clinical and radiographic results of
RHA. Between 2002 and 2014, 77 RHAs were implanted in 54 men and 23
women with either acute injuries (54) or with traumatic sequelae
(23) of a fracture of the radial head. Four designs of RHA were
used, including the Guepar (Small Bone Innovations (SBi)/Stryker;
36), Evolutive (Aston Medical; 24), rHead RECON (SBi/Stryker; ten)
or rHead STANDARD (SBi/Stryker; 7) prostheses. The mean follow-up
was 74.0 months (standard deviation (Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of revision
total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with and without proximalisation of
the tibial tubercle in patients with a failed primary TKA who have
pseudo patella baja. All revision TKAs, performed between January 2008 and November
2013 at a tertiary referral University Orthopaedic Department were
retrospectively reviewed. Pseudo patella baja was defined using
the modified Insall-Salvati and the Blackburne-Peel ratios. A proximalisation
of the tibial tubercle was performed in 13 patients with pseudo
patella baja who were matched with a control group of 13 patients
for gender, age, height, weight, body mass index, length of surgery
and Blackburne-Peel ratio. Outcome was assessed two years post-operatively
using the Knee Society Score (KSS).Aims
Patients and Methods
Involvement of the posterior malleolus in fractures of the ankle
probably adversely affects the functional outcome and may be associated
with the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Anatomical
reduction is a predictor of a successful outcome. The purpose of this study was to describe the technique and short-term
outcome of patients with trimalleolar fractures, who were treated
surgically using a posterolateral approach in our hospital between
2010 and 2014. The study involved 52 patients. Their mean age was 49 years (22
to 79). There were 41 (79%) AO 44B-type and 11 (21%) 44C-type fractures.
The mean size of the posterior fragment was 27% (10% to 52%) of
the tibiotalar joint surface.Aims
Patients and Methods
The number of revision total knee arthroplasties (TKA) that are
performed is expected to increase. However, previous reports of
the causes of failure after TKA are limited in that they report
the causes at specific institutions, which are often dependent on
referral patterns. Our aim was to report the most common indications
for re-operations and revisions in a large series of posterior-stabilised
TKAs undertaken at a single institution, excluding referrals from
elsewhere, which may bias the causes of failure. A total of 5098 TKAs which were undertaken between 2000 and 2012
were included in the study. Re-operations, revisions with modular
component exchange, and revisions with non-modular component replacement
or removal were identified from the medical records. The mean follow-up
was five years (two to 12).Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative radiographic
and clinical outcomes between kinematically and mechanically aligned
total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). A total of 60 TKAs (30 kinematically and 30 mechanically aligned)
were performed in 60 patients with varus osteoarthritis of the knee
using a navigation system. The angles of orientation of the joint
line in relation to the floor, the conventional and true mechanical
axis (tMA) (the line from the centre of the hip to the lowest point
of the calcaneus) were compared, one year post-operatively, on single-leg
and double-leg standing long leg radiographs between the groups.
The range of movement and 2011 Knee Society Scores were also compared
between the groups at that time.Aims
Patients and Methods
Patients with pain and loss of shoulder function
due to nonunion of a fracture of the proximal third of the humerus may
benefit from reverse total shoulder replacement. This paper reports
a prospective, multicentre study, involving three hospitals and
three surgeons, of 35 patients (28 women, seven men) with a mean
age of 69 years (46 to 83) who underwent a reverse total shoulder
replacement for the treatment of nonunion of a fracture of the proximal humerus.
Using Checchia’s classification, nine nonunions were type I, eight
as type II, 12 as type III and six as type IV. The mean follow-up
was 51 months (24 to 99). Post-operatively, the patients had a significant
decrease in pain (p <
0.001), and a significant improvement in
flexion, abduction, external rotation and Constant score (p <
0.001), but not in internal rotation. A total of nine complications
were recorded in seven patients: six dislocations, one glenoid loosening
in a patient who had previously suffered dislocation, one transitory
paresis of the axillary nerve and one infection. Reverse total shoulder replacement may lead to a significant
reduction in pain, improvement in function and a high degree of
satisfaction. However, the rate of complications, particularly dislocation,
was high. Cite this article:
Throughout the 20th Century, it has been postulated that the knee moves on the basis of a four-bar link mechanism composed of the cruciate ligaments, the femur and the tibia. As a consequence, the femur has been thought to roll back with flexion, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prostheses have been designed on this basis. Recent work, however, has proposed that at a position of between 0° and 120° the medial femoral condyle does not move anteroposteriorly whereas the lateral femoral condyle tends, but is not obliged, to roll back – a combination of movements which equates to tibial internal/ femoral external rotation with flexion. The aim of this paper was to assess if the articular geometry of the GMK Sphere TKA could recreate the natural knee movements The pattern of knee movement was studied in 15 patients (six male: nine female; one male with bilateral TKAs) with 16 GMK Sphere implants, at a mean age of 66 years (53 to 76) with a mean BMI of 30 kg/m2 (20 to 35). The motions of all 16 knees were observed using pulsed fluoroscopy during a number of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing static and dynamic activities.Objectives
Methods
Short uncemented humeral stems can preserve humeral
bone stock and facilitate revision surgery but may be prone to malalignment
or loosening, especially when used in reverse total shoulder replacement
(TSR). We undertook a retrospective review of 44 patients with a
mean age of 76 years (59 to 92) who underwent primary reverse TSR
with a short uncemented humeral stem. There were 29 females. The
indications for joint replacement included cuff tear associated
arthropathy (33), avascular necrosis (six), post-traumatic arthritis
(two), and inflammatory arthritis (three). At a mean follow-up of
27 months (24 to 40), pain was rated as mild or none in 43 shoulders
(97.7%). The mean active elevation improved from 54° Cite this article:
The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity
and predictive values of previously reported thresholds of proximal
translation and sagittal rotation of cementless acetabular components
used for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) at various times
during early follow-up. Migration of cementless acetabular components was measured retrospectively
in 84 patients (94 components) using Ein-Bild-Rontgen-Analyse (EBRA-Cup)
in two groups of patients. In Group A, components were recorded
as not being loose intra-operatively at re-revision THA (52 components/48
patients) and Group B components were recorded to be loose at re-revision
(42 components/36 patients).Aims
Patients and Methods
The biomembrane (induced membrane) formed around polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers has value in clinical applications for bone defect reconstruction. Few studies have evaluated its cellular, molecular or stem cell features. Our objective was to characterise induced membrane morphology, molecular features and osteogenic stem cell characteristics. Following Institutional Review Board approval, biomembrane specimens were obtained from 12 patient surgeries for management of segmental bony defects (mean patient age 40.7 years, standard deviation 14.4). Biomembranes from nine tibias and three femurs were processed for morphologic, molecular or stem cell analyses. Gene expression was determined using the Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software (GCOS). Molecular analyses compared biomembrane gene expression patterns with a mineralising osteoblast culture, and gene expression in specimens with longer spacer duration (> 12 weeks) with specimens with shorter durations. Statistical analyses used the unpaired student Objectives
Methods
The aims of this retrospective study were to report the feasibility
of using 3D-printing technology for patients with a pelvic tumour
who underwent reconstruction. A total of 35 patients underwent resection of a pelvic tumour
and reconstruction using 3D-printed endoprostheses between September
2013 and December 2015. According to Enneking’s classification of
bone defects, there were three Type I lesions, 12 Type II+III lesions,
five Type I+II lesions, two Type I+II+III lesions, ten type I+II+IV
lesions and three type I+II+III+IV lesions. A total of three patients
underwent reconstruction using an iliac prosthesis, 12 using a standard
hemipelvic prosthesis and 20 using a screw-rod connected hemipelvic
prosthesis.Aims
Patients and Methods
Osteophytes are products of active endochondral and intramembranous ossification, and therefore could theoretically provide significant efficacy as bone grafts. In this study, we compared the bone mineralisation effectiveness of osteophytes and cancellous bone, including their effects on secretion of growth factors and anabolic effects on osteoblasts. Osteophytes and cancellous bone obtained from human patients were transplanted onto the calvaria of severe combined immunodeficient mice, with Calcein administered intra-peritoneally for fluorescent labelling of bone mineralisation. Conditioned media were prepared using osteophytes and cancellous bone, and growth factor concentration and effects of each graft on proliferation, differentiation and migration of osteoblastic cells were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, MTS ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)) assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and migration assays.Objectives
Methods
The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical and radiological
outcomes of the Universal-2 total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) in patients
with rheumatoid arthritis. This was a retrospective review of all 95 Universal-2 TWAs which
were performed in our institution between 2003 to 2012 in patients
with rheumatoid arthritis. A total of six patients were lost to
follow-up and two died of unrelated causes. A total of ten patients
had bilateral procedures. Accordingly, 75 patients (85 TWAs) were
included in the study. There were 59 women and 16 men with a mean
age of 59 years (26 to 86). The mean follow-up was 53 months (24
to 120). Clinical assessment involved recording pain on a visual
analogue score, range of movement, grip strength, the Quick Disabilities
of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Wrightington wrist scores.
Any adverse effects were documented with particular emphasis on
residual pain, limitation of movement, infection, dislocation and
the need for revision surgery. Radiographic assessment was performed pre-operatively and at
three, six and 12 months post-operatively, and annually thereafter.
Arthroplasties were assessed for distal row intercarpal fusion and
loosening. Radiolucent zones around the components were documented
according to a system developed at our institution.Aims
Patients and Methods
In order to screen the altered gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with osteoporosis, we performed an integrated analysis of the online microarray studies of osteoporosis. We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for microarray studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with osteoporosis. Subsequently, we integrated gene expression data sets from multiple microarray studies to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with osteoporosis and normal controls. Gene function analysis was performed to uncover the functions of identified DEGs.Objectives
Methods
The primary purpose of this study of metal-on-metal
(MoM) hip resurfacing was to compare the effect of using a cementless
or cemented femoral component on the subsequent bone mineral density
(BMD) of the femoral neck. This was a single-centre, prospective, double-blinded control
trial which randomised 120 patients (105 men and 15 women) with
a mean age of 49.4 years (21 to 68) to receive either a cemented
or cementless femoral component. Follow-up was to two years. Outcome
measures included total and six-point region-of-interest BMD of
the femoral neck, radiological measurements of acetabular inclination,
neck-shaft and stem-shaft angles, and functional outcome scores
including the Harris hip score, the Western Ontario and McMaster
Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the University of California
at Los Angeles activity scale. In total, 17 patients were lost to follow-up leaving 103 patients
at two years. There were no revisions in the cementless group and
three revisions (5%) in the cemented group (two because of hip pain
and one for pseudotumour). The total BMD was significantly higher in the cementless group
at six months (p <
0.001) and one year (p = 0.01) than in the
cemented group, although there was a loss of statistical significance
in the difference at two years (p = 0.155). All patient outcomes improved significantly: there were no significant
differences between the two groups. The results show better preservation of femoral neck BMD with
a cementless femoral component after two years of follow-up. Further
investigation is needed to establish whether this translates into
improved survivorship. Cite this article:
