Objectives. This study aims to evaluate if micro-CT can work as a method for the 3D assessment and analysis of cancellous bone by comparing micro-CT with undecalcified histological sections in OVX rats. Methods. The mandible and
The treatment of fractures of the proximal
In six unloaded cadaver knees we used MRI to determine the shapes of the articular surfaces and their relative movements. These were confirmed by dissection. Medially, the femoral condyle in sagittal section is composed of the arcs of two circles and that of the
Mechanical loading during physical activity produces strains within bones. It is thought that these forces provide the stimulus for the adaptation of bone. Tibial strains and rates of strain were measured in vivo in six subjects during running, stationary bicycling, leg presses and stepping and were compared with those of walking, an activity which has been found to have only a minimal effect on bone mass. Running had a statistically significant higher principal tension, compression and shear strain and strain rates than walking. Stationary bicycling had significantly lower tension and shear strains than walking. If bone strains and/or strain rates higher than walking are needed for
The purpose of this study was to compare the results and complications of tibial lengthening over an intramedullary nail with treatment using the traditional Ilizarov method. In this matched case study, 16 adult patients underwent 19 tibial lengthening over nails (LON) procedures. For the matched case group, 17 patients who underwent 19 Ilizarov tibial lengthenings were retrospectively matched to the LON group.Objectives
Methods
Aims. Metaphyseal tritanium cones can be used to manage the
Objectives. We studied subchondral intraosseous pressure (IOP) in an animal model during loading, and with vascular occlusion. We explored bone compartmentalization by saline injection. Materials and Methods. Needles were placed in the femoral condyle and proximal
Objectives. The aim of this experimental study on New Zealand’s white rabbits
was to investigate the transplantation of autogenous growth plate
cells in order to treat the injured growth plate. They were assessed
in terms of measurements of radiological tibial varus and histological
characteristics. . Methods. An experimental model of plate growth medial partial resection
of the
Anatomical atlases document safe corridors for placement of wires when using fine-wire circular external fixation. The furthest posterolateral corridor described in the distal
Objectives. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) mobilises bone regenerative potential and avoids the complications of other treatments such as bone graft. The major disadvantage of DO is the length of time required for bone consolidation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to promote bone formation with some good results. Methods. We hereby review the published literature on the use of MSCs in promoting bone consolidation during DO. Results. Studies differed in animal type (mice, rabbit, dog, sheep), bone type (femur,
Objectives. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a demanding procedure, with tibial component subsidence or pain from high tibial strain being potential causes of revision. The optimal position in terms of load transfer has not been documented for lateral UKA. Our aim was to determine the effect of tibial component position on proximal tibial strain. Methods. A total of 16 composite
There has been only one limited report dating from 1941 using dissection which has described the tibiofemoral joint between 120° and 160° of flexion despite the relevance of this arc to total knee replacement. We now provide a full description having examined one living and eight cadaver knees using MRI, dissection and previously published cryosections in one knee. In the range of flexion from 120° to 160° the flexion facet centre of the medial femoral condyle moves back 5 mm and rises up on to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. At 160° the posterior horn is compressed in a synovial recess between the femoral cortex and the
The treatment of bony defects of the
Little is known about the increase in length of tendons in postnatal life or of their response to limb lengthening procedures. A study was carried out in ten young and nine adult rabbits in which the
The understanding of rotational alignment of the distal femur is essential in total knee replacement to ensure that there is correct placement of the femoral component. Many reference axes have been described, but there is still disagreement about their value and mutual angular relationship. Our aim was to validate a geometrically-defined reference axis against which the surface-derived axes could be compared in the axial plane. A total of 12 cadaver specimens underwent CT after rigid fixation of optical tracking devices to the femur and the
Objectives. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are widely used in musculoskeletal
disorders. There are indications that EMF might also be effective
in the treatment of osteoporosis. To justify clinical follow-up
experiments, we examined the effects of EMF on bone micro-architectural
changes in osteoporotic and healthy rats. Moreover, we tested the
effects of EMF on fracture healing. Methods. EMF (20 Gauss) was examined in rats (aged 20 weeks), which underwent
an ovariectomy (OVX; n = 8) or sham-ovariectomy (sham-OVX; n = 8).
As a putative positive control, all rats received bilateral fibular
osteotomies to examine the effects on fracture healing. Treatment
was applied to one proximal lower leg (three hours a day, five days
a week); the lower leg was not treated and served as a control.
Bone architectural changes of the proximal
We studied the effects of coating titanium implants with teicoplanin and clindamycin in 30 New Zealand White rabbits which were randomly assigned to three groups. The intramedullary canal of the left
Objectives. To review the systemic impact of smoking on bone healing as evidenced
within the orthopaedic literature. Methods. A protocol was established and studies were sourced from five
electronic databases. Screening, data abstraction and quality assessment
was conducted by two review authors. Prospective and retrospective
clinical studies were included. The primary outcome measures were
based on clinical and/or radiological indicators of bone healing.
This review specifically focused on non-spinal orthopaedic studies. Results. Nine
We report a study of the shapes of the tibial and femoral articular surfaces in sagittal, frontal and coronal planes which was performed on cadaver knees using two techniques, MRI and computer interpolation of sections of the articular surfaces acquired by a three-dimensional digitiser. The findings using MRI, confirmed in a previous study by dissection, were the same as those using the digitiser. Thus both methods appear to be valid anatomical tools. The tibial and femoral articular surfaces can be divided into anterior segments, contacting from 0° to 20 ± 10° of flexion, and posterior segments, contacting from 20 ± 10° to 120° of flexion. The medial and lateral compartments are asymmetrical, particularly anteriorly. Posteromedially, the femur is spherical and is located in a conforming, but partly deficient, tibial socket. Posterolaterally, it is circular only in the sagittal section and the