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Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 9, Issue 9 | Pages 578 - 586
1 Sep 2020
Ma M Liang X Wang X Zhang L Cheng S Guo X Zhang F Wen Y

Aims. Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a kind of chronic osteochondropathy, thought to be caused by environmental risk factors such as T-2 toxin. However, the exact aetiology of KBD remains unclear. In this study, we explored the functional relevance and biological mechanism of cartilage oligosaccharide matrix protein (COMP) in the articular cartilage damage of KBD. Methods. The articular cartilage specimens were collected from five KBD patients and five control subjects for cell culture. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The survival rate of C28/I2 chondrocyte cell line was detected by MTT assay after T-2 toxin intervention. The cell viability and mRNA expression levels of apoptosis related genes between COMP-overexpression groups and control groups were examined after cell transfection. Results. The mRNA and protein expression levels of COMP were significantly lower in KBD chondrocytes than control chondrocytes. After the T-2 toxin intervention, the COMP mRNA expression of C28/I2 chondrocyte reduced and the protein level of COMP in three intervention groups was significantly lower than in the control group. MTT assay showed that the survival rate of COMP overexpression KBD chondrocytes were notably higher than in the blank control group. The mRNA expression levels of Survivin, SOX9, Caspase-3, and type II collagen were also significantly different among COMP overexpression, negative control, and blank control groups. Conclusion. Our study results confirmed the functional relevance of COMP with KBD. COMP may play an important role in the excessive chondrocytes apoptosis of KBD patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):578–586


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 11, Issue 10 | Pages 723 - 738
4 Oct 2022
Liu Z Shen P Lu C Chou S Tien Y

Aims

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a promising treatment for articular cartilage degeneration and injury; however, it requires a large number of human hyaline chondrocytes, which often undergo dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of suramin on chondrocyte differentiation and its underlying mechanism.

Methods

Porcine chondrocytes were treated with vehicle or various doses of suramin. The expression of collagen, type II, alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN); COL1A1; COL10A1; SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX); interleukin (IL)-1β; tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); IL-8; and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) in chondrocytes at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. In addition, the supplementation of suramin to redifferentiation medium for the culture of expanded chondrocytes in 3D pellets was evaluated. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production were evaluated by biochemical analyses and immunofluorescence, as well as by immunohistochemistry. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOX activity were assessed by luciferase reporter gene assay, immunofluorescence analysis, and flow cytometry. Mutagenesis analysis, Alcian blue staining, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot assay were used to determine whether p67phox was involved in suramin-enhanced chondrocyte phenotype maintenance.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 12, Issue 2 | Pages 121 - 132
1 Feb 2023
Mo H Wang Z He Z Wan J Lu R Wang C Chen A Cheng P

Aims

Pellino1 (Peli1) has been reported to regulate various inflammatory diseases. This study aims to explore the role of Peli1 in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA), so as to find new targets for the treatment of OA.

Methods

After inhibiting Peli1 expression in chondrocytes with small interfering RNA (siRNA), interleukin (IL)-1β was used to simulate inflammation, and OA-related indicators such as synthesis, decomposition, inflammation, and apoptosis were detected. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway were detected. After inhibiting the expression of Peli1 in macrophages Raw 264.7 with siRNA and intervening with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the polarization index of macrophages was detected, and the supernatant of macrophage medium was extracted as conditioned medium to act on chondrocytes and detect the apoptosis index. The OA model of mice was established by destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, and adenovirus was injected into the knee cavity to reduce the expression of Peli1. The degree of cartilage destruction and synovitis were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Safranin O/Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemistry.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 12, Issue 7 | Pages 433 - 446
7 Jul 2023
Guo L Guo H Zhang Y Chen Z Sun J Wu G Wang Y Zhang Y Wei X Li P

Aims

To explore the novel molecular mechanisms of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in chondrocytes via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis.

Methods

Empty adenovirus (EP) and a HDAC4 overexpression adenovirus were transfected into cultured human chondrocytes. The cell survival rate was examined by real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and EdU and flow cytometry assays. Cell biofunction was detected by Western blotting. The expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the EP and HDAC4 transfection groups were assessed using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Volcano plot, Gene Ontology, and pathway analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). For verification of the results, the A289E/S246/467/632 A sites of HDAC4 were mutated to enhance the function of HDAC4 by increasing HDAC4 expression in the nucleus. RNA-seq was performed to identify the molecular mechanism of HDAC4 in chondrocytes. Finally, the top ten DEGs associated with ribosomes were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) in chondrocytes, and the top gene was verified both in vitro and in vivo.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 12, Issue 5 | Pages 339 - 351
23 May 2023
Tan J Liu X Zhou M Wang F Ma L Tang H He G Kang X Bian X Tang K

Aims

Mechanical stimulation is a key factor in the development and healing of tendon-bone insertion. Treadmill training is an important rehabilitation treatment. This study aims to investigate the benefits of treadmill training initiated on postoperative day 7 for tendon-bone insertion healing.

Methods

A tendon-bone insertion injury healing model was established in 92 C57BL/6 male mice. All mice were divided into control and training groups by random digital table method. The control group mice had full free activity in the cage, and the training group mice started the treadmill training on postoperative day 7. The quality of tendon-bone insertion healing was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, micro-CT, micro-MRI, open field tests, and CatWalk gait and biomechanical assessments.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 12, Issue 4 | Pages 259 - 273
6 Apr 2023
Lu R Wang Y Qu Y Wang S Peng C You H Zhu W Chen A

Aims

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder with inflammatory response and cartilage deterioration as its main features. Dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA), a bioactive component extracted from natural plant (gynura bicolor), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases. We aimed to explore the chondroprotective effect of DHCA on OA and its potential mechanism.

Methods

In vitro, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was used to establish the mice OA chondrocytes. Cell counting kit-8 evaluated chondrocyte viability. Western blotting analyzed the expression levels of collagen II, aggrecan, SOX9, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs: MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13), and signalling molecules associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Immunofluorescence analysis assessed the expression of aggrecan, collagen II, MMP13, and p-P65. In vivo, a destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery was used to induce mice OA knee joints. After injection of DHCA or a vehicle into the injured joints, histological staining gauged the severity of cartilage damage.


Bone & Joint Research
Vol. 11, Issue 7 | Pages 453 - 464
20 Jul 2022
Wang H Shi Y He F Ye T Yu S Miao H Liu Q Zhang M

Aims

Abnormal lipid metabolism is involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is crucial in inhibiting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes. However, whether GDF11 participates in the abnormal adipogenesis of chondrocytes in OA cartilage is still unclear.

Methods

Six-week-old female mice were subjected to unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) to induce OA in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Histochemical staining, immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed. Primary condylar chondrocytes of rats were stimulated with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) and collected for oil red staining, immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoprecipitation analysis.


Objectives

Previously, we reported the improved transfection efficiency of a plasmid DNA-chitosan (pDNA-CS) complex using a phosphorylatable nuclear localization signal-linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide (pNNS) conjugated to chitosan (pNNS-CS). This study investigated the effects of pNNS-CS-mediated miR-140 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) gene transfection both in rabbit chondrocytes and a cartilage defect model.

Methods

The pBudCE4.1-miR-140, pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra, and negative control pBudCE4.1 plasmids were constructed and combined with pNNS-CS to form pDNA/pNNS-CS complexes. These complexes were transfected into chondrocytes or injected into the knee joint cavity.