Due to the recent rapid expansion of scooter sharing companies, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of electric scooter (e-scooter) injuries. Our purpose was to conduct a systematic review to characterize the demographic characteristics, most common injuries, and management of patients injured from electric scooters. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using variations of the term “electric scooter”. We excluded studies conducted prior to 2015, studies with a population of less than 50, case reports, and studies not focused on electric scooters. Data were analyzed using Aims
Methods
The pre-operative differentiation between enchondroma,
low-grade chondrosarcoma and high-grade chondrosarcoma remains a
diagnostic challenge. We reviewed the accuracy and safety of the
radiological grading of cartilaginous tumours through the assessment
of, first, pre-operative radiological and post-operative histological agreement,
and second the rate of recurrence in lesions confirmed as high-grade
on histology. We performed a retrospective review of major long
bone cartilaginous tumours managed by curettage as low grade between
2001 and 2012. A total of 53 patients with a mean age of 47.6 years
(8 to 71) were included. There were 23 men and 30 women. The tumours
involved the femur (n = 20), humerus (n = 18), tibia (n = 9), fibula
(n = 3), radius (n = 2) and ulna (n = 1). Pre-operative diagnoses
resulted from multidisciplinary consensus following radiological
review alone for 35 tumours, or with the addition of pre-operative
image guided needle biopsy for 18. The histologically confirmed diagnosis
was enchondroma for two (3.7%), low-grade chondrosarcoma for 49
(92.6%) and high-grade chondrosarcoma for two (3.7%). Three patients
with a low-grade tumour developed a local recurrence at a mean of 15
months (12 to 17) post-operatively. A single high-grade recurrence
(grade II) was treated with tibial diaphyseal replacement. The overall
recurrence rate was 7.5% at a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (1.2 to
12.3). Cartilaginous tumours identified as low-grade on pre-operative
imaging with or without additional image-guided needle biopsy can
safely be managed as low-grade without pre-operative histological
diagnosis. A few tumours may demonstrate high-grade features histologically,
but the rates of recurrence are not affected. Cite this article:
