Recent studies have shown that systemic injection of rapamycin can prevent the development of osteoarthritis (OA)-like changes in human chondrocytes and reduce the severity of experimental OA. However, the systemic injection of rapamycin leads to many side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intra-articular injection of Torin 1, which as a specific inhibitor of mTOR which can cause induction of autophagy, is similar to rapamycin, on articular cartilage degeneration in a rabbit osteoarthritis model and to investigate the mechanism of Torin 1’s effects on experimental OA. Collagenase (type II) was injected twice into both knees of three-month-old rabbits to induce OA, combined with two intra–articular injections of Torin 1 (400 nM). Degeneration of articular cartilage was evaluated by histology using the Mankin scoring system at eight weeks after injection. Chondrocyte degeneration and autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Matrix metallopeptidase-13 (MMP-13) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were analysed by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR).Beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) expression were examined by Western blotting.Objectives
Methods
To review the current best surgical practice and detail a multi-disciplinary
approach that could further reduce joint replacement infection. Review of relevant literature indexed in PubMed.Objectives
Methods
The period of post-operative treatment before surgical wounds
are completely closed remains a key window, during which one can
apply new technologies that can minimise complications. One such
technology is the use of negative pressure wound therapy to manage
and accelerate healing of the closed incisional wound (incisional
NPWT). We undertook a literature review of this emerging indication
to identify evidence within orthopaedic surgery and other surgical
disciplines. Literature that supports our current understanding
of the mechanisms of action was also reviewed in detail. Objectives
Methods
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressively debilitating disease that
affects mostly cartilage, with associated changes in the bone. The
increasing incidence of OA and an ageing population, coupled with
insufficient therapeutic choices, has led to focus on the potential
of stem cells as a novel strategy for cartilage repair. In this study, we used scaffold-free mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
obtained from bone marrow in an experimental animal model of OA
by direct intra-articular injection. MSCs were isolated from 2.8
kg white New Zealand rabbits. There were ten in the study group
and ten in the control group. OA was induced by unilateral transection
of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint. At 12 weeks
post-operatively, a single dose of 1 million cells suspended in 1 ml
of medium was delivered to the injured knee by direct intra-articular
injection. The control group received 1 ml of medium without cells.
The knees were examined at 16 and 20 weeks following surgery. Repair
was investigated radiologically, grossly and histologically using
haematoxylin and eosin, Safranin-O and toluidine blue staining.Introduction
Methods
