This is a retrospective review of 108 patients who underwent decompressive anterior acromioplasty for chronic impingement in the absence of a full thickness rotator cuff tear. Before operation, all the patients had had shoulder pain for at least one year despite conservative treatment. At operation, the rotator cuff tendons were explored and were intact. Anterior acromioplasty, followed by rehabilitation was successful in 87% of patients. The operation was less successful in women, in those who had diminished movement before operation, who were involved in worker's compensation claims, and whose pain followed direct trauma. Appropriate selection of patients is considered the key to success.

Thirty-nine patients with neuralgic amyotrophy were reviewed. In addition to the clinical findings reported in the neurological literature, we commonly found pain throughout the upper limb, and diffuse involvement of the brachial plexus. Five patients had spinal accessory nerve lesions and five had glenohumeral instability. Sixty-four per cent of the patients had had an orthopaedic consultation during their acute illness. It is therefore important that orthopaedic surgeons are aware of this clinical syndrome and its management. The prognosis is excellent with non-invasive treatment.

We report a retrospective study of 46 patients with continuing difficulties after anterior reconstruction of a shoulder for instability. In 31 patients instability was still present; in 12 of these, posterior or multidirectional instability had not been recognised and a further 11 had an uncorrected anatomical defect. In 20 patients with significant pain there was often more than one cause: impingement syndrome was seen in nine, osteoarthritis in seven, implant irritation in four and instability alone in two. A disabling medial rotation contracture was seen in 10 patients, four of whom had painful osteoarthritis. We conclude that recurrence of symptoms may imply that the direction of the instability was not recognised, that an anterior repair should not be too tight, and that pain after successful stabilisation is often due to impingement.

A series of 123 patients suffering traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis is reported. This lesion is associated with extension and axial loading injury, and there is a high incidence of injuries of the face or scalp and of associated fractures of the upper cervical spine. There is a low incidence of neurological injury, which seems paradoxical in the presence of what appears to be gross instability, but protection from extremes of flexion and extension may be adequate treatment. Union is usual regardless of displacement. Traction is a safe means of treatment, but early waking in a halo support reduces time in hospital without jeopardizing the result. Operation is needed only for chronic instability with or without pain, and anterior interbody fusion of C2--3 is than preferred in order to preserve rotation at the atlanto-axial joints.