We assessed peripheral nerve function during and after lower-limb lengthening by callotasis in 14 patients with short stature, using motor conduction studies.

Four patients with short stature of varying aetiology showed unilateral and one showed bilateral weakness of foot dorsiflexion. Both clinical and electrophysiological abnormalities consistent with involvement of the peroneal nerve were observed early after starting tibial callotasis. There was some progressive electro-physiological improvement despite continued bone distraction, but two patients with Turner’s syndrome had incomplete recovery. A greater percentage increase in tibial length did not correspond to a higher rate of peroneal nerve palsy. The function of the posterior leg muscles and the conduction velocity of the posterior tibial nerve were normal throughout the monitoring period.

The F-wave response showed a longer latency at the end of the bone distraction than in basal conditions; this is probably related to the slowing of conduction throughout the entire length of the nerve.