We recruited 89 patients who had hip or knee replacements to assess the performance of below-knee graded compression stockings. The pressure gradients generated by the stockings were measured and all patients had venography of the ipsilateral leg. We found that 98% of stockings failed to produce the ‘ideal’ pressure gradient (± 20%) of 18, 14 and 8 mmHg from the ankle to the knee, while 54% produced a ‘reversed gradient’ on at least one occasion during the course of the study. The overall rate of deep-venous thrombosis was 16.7%. Stockings which produced reversed gradients were associated with a significantly higher incidence of deep-venous thrombosis (p = 0.026) than those with the correct gradient (25.6%
The primary aim was to assess change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients as they waited from six to 12 months for a total hip (THA) or total or partial knee arthroplasty (KA). Secondary aims were to assess change in joint-specific function, mental health, quality of sleep, number living in a state worse than death (WTD), wellbeing, and patient satisfaction with their healthcare. This prospective study included 142 patients awaiting a THA (mean age 66.7 years (SD 11.4); 71 female) and 214 patients awaiting KA (mean age 69.7 years (SD 8.7); 117 female). Patients completed questionnaires (EuroQol five-dimension health questionnaire (EQ-5D), Oxford Hip and Knee Scores (OHS/OKS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS), University of California, Los Angeles Activity Scale, wellbeing assessment, and satisfaction with their healthcare) at six and 12 months while awaiting surgery.Aims
Methods
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the provision of arthroplasty services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. This study aimed to quantify the backlog, analyze national trends, and predict time to recovery. We performed an analysis of the mandatory prospective national registry of all independent and publicly funded hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, and ankle replacements in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland between January 2019 and December 2022 inclusive, totalling 729,642 operations. The deficit was calculated per year compared to a continuation of 2019 volume. Total deficit of cases between 2020 to 2022 was expressed as a percentage of 2019 volume. Sub-analyses were performed based on procedure type, country, and unit sector.Aims
Methods
To examine whether natural language processing (NLP) using a clinically based large language model (LLM) could be used to predict patient selection for total hip or total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) from routinely available free-text radiology reports. Data pre-processing and analyses were conducted according to the Artificial intelligence to Revolutionize the patient Care pathway in Hip and knEe aRthroplastY (ARCHERY) project protocol. This included use of de-identified Scottish regional clinical data of patients referred for consideration of THA/TKA, held in a secure data environment designed for artificial intelligence (AI) inference. Only preoperative radiology reports were included. NLP algorithms were based on the freely available GatorTron model, a LLM trained on over 82 billion words of de-identified clinical text. Two inference tasks were performed: assessment after model-fine tuning (50 Epochs and three cycles of k-fold cross validation), and external validation.Aims
Methods
The aim of this study was to report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and joint-specific function in patients waiting for total hip or knee arthroplasty surgery (THA or TKA) in Northern Ireland, compared to published literature and a matched normal population. Secondary aims were to report emergency department (ED) and out-of-hours general practitioner (OOH GP) visits, new prescriptions of strong opioids, and new prescriptions of antidepressants while waiting. This was a cohort study of 991 patients on the waiting list for arthroplasty in a single Northern Ireland NHS trust: 497 on the waiting list for ≤ three months; and 494 waiting ≥ three years. Postal surveys included the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), visual analogue scores (EQ-VAS), and Oxford Hip and Knee scores to assess HRQoL and joint-specific function. Electronic records determined prescriptions since addition to the waiting list and patient attendances at OOH GP/EDs.Aims
Methods
The primary aim of this study was to assess whether patients waiting six months or more for a total hip (THA) or knee (KA) arthroplasty had a deterioration in their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Secondary aims were to assess changes in frailty and the number of patients living in a state considered to be worse than death (WTD), and factors associated with changes in HRQoL and frailty. This cross-sectional study included 326 patients, 150 males (46.0%) and 176 females (54.0%), with a mean age of 68.6 years (SD 9.8) who were randomly selected from waiting lists at four centres and had been waiting for six months or more (median 13 months, interquartile range 10 to 21) for a primary THA (n = 161) or KA (n = 165). The EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and visual analogue scores (EQ-VAS), Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and 36-Item Short Form Survey subjective change in HRQoL were assessed at the time and recalled for six months earlier. A state that was WTD was defined as an EQ-5D of less than zero.Aims
Methods
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and fracture-related infections (FRIs) are associated with a significant risk of adverse events. However, there is a paucity of data on cardiac complications following revision surgery for PJI and FRI and how they impact overall mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk of perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) and mortality in this patient cohort. We prospectively included consecutive patients at high cardiovascular risk (defined as age ≥ 45 years with pre-existing coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular artery disease, or any patient aged ≥ 65 years, plus a postoperative hospital stay of > 24 hours) undergoing septic or aseptic major orthopaedic surgery between July 2014 and October 2016. All patients received a systematic screening to reliably detect PMI, using serial measurements of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T. All-cause mortality was assessed at one year. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to compare incidence of PMI and mortality between patients undergoing septic revision surgery for PJI or FRI, and patients receiving aseptic major bone and joint surgery.Aims
Methods
The primary aim was to assess the rate of postoperative COVID-19 following hip and knee arthroplasty performed in March 2020 in the UK. The secondary aims were to assess whether there were clinical factors associated with COVID-19 status, the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19, and the rate of potential COVID-19 in patients not presenting to healthcare services. A multicentre retrospective study was conducted of patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 March 2020 to 31 March 2020) with a minimum of 60 days follow-up. Patient demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, procedure type, primary or revision, length of stay (LOS), COVID-19 test status, and postoperative mortality were recorded. A subgroup of patients (n = 211) who had not presented to healthcare services after discharge were contacted and questioned as to whether they had symptoms of COVID-19.Aims
Methods
To evaluate the effectiveness of an institutionally developed
algorithm for evaluation and diagnosis of prosthetic joint injection
and to determine the impact of this protocol on overall hospital
re-admissions.p We retrospectively evaluated 2685 total hip arthroplasty (THA)
and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients prior to (1263) and following
(1422) the introduction of an infection detection protocol. The
protocol used conservative thresholds for C-reactive protein to
direct the medical attendant to aspirate the joint. The protocol
incorporated a clear set of laboratory and clinical criteria that
allowed a patient to be discharged home if all were met. Patients were
included if they presented to our emergency department within 120
days post-operatively with concerns for swelling, pain or infection
and were excluded if they had an unambiguous infection or if their
chief complaint was non-orthopaedic in nature.Aims
Patients and Methods
To investigate whether elective joint arthroplasty performed
at the weekend is associated with a different 30-day mortality We examined the 30-day cumulative mortality rate (Kaplan-Meier)
for all elective hip and knee arthroplasties performed in England
and Wales between 1st April 2003 and 31st December 2014, comprising
118 096 episodes undertaken at the weekend and 1 233 882 episodes
performed on a weekday. We used Cox proportional-hazards regression
models to assess for time-dependent variation and adjusted for identified
risk factors for mortality.Aims
Patients and Methods
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is commonly performed in elderly
patients. Frailty, an aggregate expression of vulnerability, becomes
increasingly common with advanced age, and independently predicts
adverse outcomes and the use of resources after a variety of non-cardiac
surgical procedures. Our aim was to assess the impact of frailty
on outcomes after TJA. We analysed the impact of pre-operative frailty on death and
the use of resources after elective TJA in a population-based cohort
study using linked administrative data from Ontario, Canada.Aims
Patients and Methods
In our department we use an enhanced recovery
protocol for joint replacement of the lower limb. This incorporates the
use of intravenous tranexamic acid (IVTA; 15 mg/kg) at the induction
of anaesthesia. Recently there was a national shortage of IVTA for
18 weeks; during this period all patients received an oral preparation
of tranexamic acid (OTA; 25 mg/kg). This retrospective study compares
the safety (surgical and medical complications) and efficacy (reduction
of transfusion requirements) of OTA and IVTA. During the study period
a total of 2698 patients received IVTA and 302 received OTA. After
adjusting for a range of patient and surgical factors, the odds
ratio (OR) of receiving a blood transfusion was significantly higher
with IVTA than with OTA (OR 0.48 (95% confidence interval 0.26 to
0.89), p = 0.019), whereas the safety profile was similar, based
on length of stay, rate of readmission, return to theatre, deep
infection, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, myocardial infarction,
pneumonia, deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The financial
benefit of OTA is £2.04 for a 70 kg patient; this is amplified when
the cost saving associated with significantly fewer blood transfusions
is considered. Although the number of patients in the study is modest, this
work supports the use of OTA, and we recommend that a randomised
trial be undertaken to compare the different methods of administering
tranexamic acid. Cite this article:
Balancing service provision and surgical training is a challenging issue that affects all healthcare systems. A multicentre prospective study of 1501 total hip replacements was undertaken to investigate whether there is an association between surgical outcome and the grade of the operating surgeon, and whether there is any difference in outcome if surgeons’ assistants assist with the operation, rather than orthopaedic trainees. The primary outcome measure was the change in the Oxford hip score (OHS) at five years. Secondary outcomes included the rate of revision and dislocation, operating time, and length of hospital stay. There was no significant difference in ΔOHS or complication rates between operations undertaken by trainers and trainees, or those at which surgeons’ assistants and trainees were the assistant. However, there was a significant difference in the duration of surgery, with a mean reduction of 28 minutes in those in which a surgeons’ assistant was the assistant. This study provides evidence that total hip replacements can be performed safely and effectively by appropriately trained surgeons in training, and that there are potential benefits of using surgeons’ assistants in orthopaedic surgery.
