A method of posterior lumbo-sacral fusion is described in which springs are used to fix the grafts and to maintain immobilisation. Fifty patients with lumbar disc degeneration or spondylolisthesis have been reviewed. The results have been assessed clinically by grading the symptoms before and after operation. Stay in hospital has been short and return to work rapid. There has been a high proportion of good results.

1. The movements of the talus are described with particular reference to the anatomy of congenital talipes equinovarus.

2. It is suggested that the fundamental deformity in severe club foot is the fixed plantar-flexion of the talus.

3. Early operation is advised whenever serial stretching fails to bring the heel quickly into its normal position.

Four cases are shown to illustrate remodelling of the lower end of the humerus after supracondylar fractures with displacement in childhood. Remodelling is rapid and will restore almost normal anatomy and good function even with severely displaced fractures. The results are much better than in many cases treated by open reduction.