Advertisement for orthosearch.org.uk
Results 1 - 100 of 102
Results per page:
Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 5 | Pages 39 - 40
1 Oct 2014
Foy MA


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 1 | Pages 29 - 31
1 Feb 2024

The February 2024 Spine Roundup. 360. looks at: Surgeon assessment of bone – any good?; Robotics reduces radiation exposure in some spinal surgery; Interbody fusion cage versus anterior lumbar interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation; Is robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement an answer to the learning curve?; Acute non-traumatic spinal subarachnoid haematomas: a report of five cases and a systematic review of the literature; Is L4-L5 lateral interbody fusion safe and effective?


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 1, Issue 2 | Pages 23 - 25
1 Apr 2012

The April 2012 Spine Roundup. 360. looks at yoga for lower back pain, spinal tuberculosis, complications of spinal surgery, fusing the subaxial cervical spine, minimally invasive surgery and osteoporotic vertebral fractures, spinal surgery in the over 65s, and pain relief after spinal surgery


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 4 | Pages 23 - 25
1 Aug 2014

The August 2014 Spine Roundup. 360 . looks at: rhBMP complicates cervical spine surgery; posterior longitudinal ligament revisited; thoracolumbar posterior instrumentation without fusion in burst fractures; risk modelling for VTE events in spinal surgery; the consequences of dural tears in microdiscectomy; trends in revision spinal surgery; radiofrequency denervation likely effective in facet joint pain and hooks optimally biomechanically transition posterior instrumentation


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 3 | Pages 35 - 36
3 Jun 2024

The June 2024 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Intraoperative navigation increases the projected lifetime cancer risk in patients undergoing surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Intrawound vancomycin powder reduces delayed deep surgical site infections following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Characterizing negative online reviews of spine surgeons; Proximal junctional failure after surgical instrumentation in adult spinal deformity: biomechanical assessment of proximal instrumentation stiffness; Nutritional supplementation and wound healing: a randomized controlled trial.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 5 | Pages 34 - 36
1 Oct 2023

The October 2023 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Cutting through surgical smoke: the science of cleaner air in spinal operations; Unlocking success: key factors in thoracic spine decompression and fusion for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament; Deep learning algorithm for identifying cervical cord compression due to degenerative canal stenosis on radiography; Surgeon experience influences robotics learning curve for minimally invasive lumbar fusion; Decision-making algorithm for the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis of L4/L5; Response to preoperative steroid injections predicts surgical outcomes in patients undergoing fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 5 | Pages 8 - 17
1 Oct 2024
Holley J Lawniczak D Machin JT Briggs TWR Hunter J


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 5 | Pages 31 - 33
1 Oct 2022


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 4 | Pages 44 - 46
1 Aug 2023
Burden EG Whitehouse MR Evans JT


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 3 | Pages 30 - 32
1 Jun 2023

The June 2023 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Characteristics and comparative study of thoracolumbar spine injury and dislocation fracture due to tertiary trauma; Sublingual sufentanil for postoperative pain management after lumbar spinal fusion surgery; Minimally invasive bipolar technique for adult neuromuscular scoliosis; Predictive factors for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis; Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and lumbar fusion surgery at level L4/5; Does recall of preoperative scores contaminate trial outcomes? A randomized controlled trial; Vancomycin in fibrin glue for prevention of SSI; Perioperative nutritional supplementation decreases wound healing complications following elective lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 4 | Pages 48 - 48
1 Aug 2023


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 2 | Pages 33 - 35
1 Apr 2024

The April 2024 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Lengthening behaviour of magnetically controlled growing rods in early-onset scoliosis: a multicentre study; LDL, cholesterol, and statins usage cause pseudarthrosis following lumbar interbody fusion; Decision-making in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis of L4/L5; Does the interfacing angle between pedicle screws and support rods affect clinical outcomes after posterior thoracolumbar fusion?; Returning to the grind: how workload influences recovery post-lumbar spine surgery; Securing the spine: a leap forward with s2 alar-iliac screws in adult spinal deformity surgery.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 5 | Pages 37 - 39
1 Oct 2024

The October 2024 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Analysis of risk factors for non-fusion of bone graft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a clinical retrospective study; Does paraspinal muscle mass predict lumbar lordosis before and after decompression for degenerative spinal stenosis?; Return to work after surgery for lumbar disk herniation: a nationwide registry-based study; Can the six-minute walking test assess ambulatory function impairment in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy?; Complications after adult deformity surgery: losing more than sleep; Frailty limits how good we can get in adult spine deformity surgery.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 3 | Pages 8 - 11
3 Jun 2024
Pickering GAE


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 13, Issue 4 | Pages 29 - 31
2 Aug 2024

The August 2024 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Laminectomy adjacent to instrumented fusion increases adjacent segment disease; Influence of the timing of surgery for cervical spinal cord injury without bone injury in the elderly: a retrospective multicentre study; Lumbar vertebral body tethering: single-centre outcomes and reoperations in a consecutive series of 106 patients; Machine-learning algorithms for predicting Cobb angle beyond 25° in female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients; Pain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Teriparatide prevents surgery for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 2 | Pages 31 - 34
1 Apr 2023

The April 2023 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy versus microendoscopic discectomy; Spine surgical site infections: a single debridement is not enough; Lenke type 5, anterior, or posterior: systematic review and meta-analysis; Epidural steroid injections and postoperative infection in lumbar decompression or fusion; Noninferiority of posterior cervical foraminotomy versus anterior cervical discectomy; Identifying delays to surgical treatment for metastatic disease; Cervical disc replacement and adjacent segment disease: the NECK trial; Predicting complication in adult spine deformity surgery.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 6 | Pages 34 - 36
1 Dec 2022

The December 2022 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis protocol on a Level 1 trauma centre patient database; Non-specific spondylodiscitis: a new perspective for surgical treatment; Disc degeneration could be recovered after chemonucleolysis; Three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus corpectomy- anterior cervical discectomy and fusion “hybrid” procedures: how does the alignment look?; Rivaroxaban or enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis; Surgical site infection: when do we have to remove the implants?; Determination of a neurologic safe zone for bicortical S1 pedicle placement; Do you need to operate on unstable spine fractures in the elderly: outcomes and mortality; Degeneration to deformity: when does the patient need both?


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 12, Issue 2 | Pages 6 - 9
1 Apr 2023
O’Callaghan J Afolayan J Ochieng D Rocos B


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 6 | Pages 42 - 45
1 Dec 2022

The December 2022 Children’s orthopaedics Roundup360 looks at: Immobilization of torus fractures of the wrist in children (FORCE): a randomized controlled equivalence trial in the UK; Minimally invasive method in treatment of idiopathic congenital vertical talus: recurrence is uncommon; “You’re O.K. Anaesthesia”: closed reduction of displaced paediatric forearm and wrist fractures in the office without anaesthesia; Trunk range of motion and patient outcomes after anterior vertebral body tethering versus posterior spinal fusion: comparison using computerized 3D motion capture technology; Selective dorsal rhizotomy for individuals with spastic cerebral palsy; Scheuermann’s kyphosis and posterior spinal fusion; All-pedicle-screw constructs in skeletally immature patients with severe idiopathic early-onset scoliosis; Proximal femoral screw hemiepiphysiodesis in children with cerebral palsy.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 4, Issue 5 | Pages 21 - 22
1 Oct 2015

The October 2015 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Traumatic spinal cord injury under the spotlight; The odontoid peg nonunion; Driving and spinal surgery; Drains and antibiotics post-spinal surgery; Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty equally effective; Who will benefit from steroid injections?; Back pain following lumbar discectomy


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 4 | Pages 29 - 32
1 Aug 2022


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 4, Issue 4 | Pages 24 - 26
1 Aug 2015

The August 2015 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Steroids may be useful in avoiding dysphagia in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF); Perhaps X-Stop ought to stop?; Is cervical plexus block in ACDF the gateway to day case spinal surgery?; Epidural past its heyday?; Steroids in lumbar back pain; Lumbar disc replacement improving; Post-discectomy arthritis


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 4, Issue 3 | Pages 21 - 22
1 Jun 2015

The June 2015 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Less is more in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis; Paracetamol out of favour in spinal pain but effective for osteoarthritis; Local wound irrigation to reduce infection?; Lumbar facet joint effusion: a reliable prognostic sign?; SPORT for the octogenarian; Neurological deterioration following traumatic spinal cord injury; PROMS in spinal surgery


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 5 | Pages 42 - 44
1 Oct 2022


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 4, Issue 2 | Pages 23 - 25
1 Apr 2015

The April 2015 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Hyperostotic spine in injury; App based back pain control; Interspinous process devices should be avoided in claudication; Robot assisted pedicle screws: fad or advance?; Vancomycin antibiotic power in spinal surgery; What to do with that burst fracture?; Increasing complexity of spinal fractures in major trauma pathways; Vitamin D and spinal fractures


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 2 | Pages 17 - 19
1 Apr 2014

The April 2014 Spine Roundup. 360 . looks at: medical treatment for ankylosing spondylitis; unilateral TLIF effective; peg fractures akin to neck of femur fractures; sleep apnoea and spinal surgery; scoliosis in osteogenesis imperfect; paediatric atlanto-occipital dislocation; back pain and obesity: chicken or egg?; BMP associated with lumbar plexus deficit; and just how common is back pain?


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 2, Issue 2 | Pages 23 - 25
1 Apr 2013

The April 2013 Spine Roundup. 360 . looks at: smuggling spinal implants; local bone graft and PLIF; predicting disability with slipped discs; mortality and spinal surgery; spondyloarthropathy; brachytherapy; and fibrin mesh and BMP


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 2 | Pages 34 - 37
1 Apr 2022


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 4 | Pages 11 - 14
1 Aug 2022


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 2 | Pages 5 - 10
1 Apr 2022
Zheng A Rocos B


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 1, Issue 4 | Pages 22 - 24
1 Aug 2012

The August 2012 Spine Roundup. 360. looks at: neural tissue and polymerising bone cement; a new prognostic score for spinal metastases from prostatic tumours; recovery after spinal decompression; spinal tuberculosis; unintended durotomy at spinal surgery; how carrying a load on your head can damage the cervical spine; and how age changes your lumbar spine


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 3 | Pages 32 - 35
1 Jun 2022


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 1, Issue 5 | Pages 21 - 24
1 Oct 2012

The October 2012 Spine Roundup. 360. looks at: a Japanese questionnaire at work in Iran; curve progression in degenerative lumbar scoliosis; the cause of foot drop; the issue of avoiding the spinal cord at scoliosis surgery; ballistic injuries to the cervical spine; minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion; readmission rates after spinal surgery; clinical complications and the severely injured cervical spine; and stabilising the thoracolumbar burst fracture


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 5 | Pages 33 - 35
1 Oct 2014

The October 2014 Research Roundup. 360 . looks at: unpicking syndesmotic injuries: CT scans evaluated; surgical scrub suits and sterility in theatre; continuous passive motion and knee injuries; whether pain at night is melatonin related;venous thromboembolic disease following spinal surgery; clots in lower limb plasters; immune-competent cells in Achilles tendinopathy; and infection in orthopaedics


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 10, Issue 4 | Pages 34 - 37
1 Aug 2021


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 10, Issue 5 | Pages 32 - 35
1 Oct 2021


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 11, Issue 1 | Pages 36 - 38
1 Feb 2022


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 10, Issue 2 | Pages 40 - 43
1 Apr 2021


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 10, Issue 3 | Pages 24 - 26
1 Jun 2021


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 10, Issue 1 | Pages 31 - 33
1 Feb 2021


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 5 | Pages 35 - 37
1 Oct 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 4 | Pages 6 - 10
1 Aug 2020
Machin JT Forward D Briggs T


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 3 | Pages 29 - 31
1 Jun 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 2 | Pages 30 - 33
1 Apr 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 4 | Pages 41 - 44
1 Aug 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 4 | Pages 34 - 37
1 Aug 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 3 | Pages 40 - 42
1 Jun 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 3 | Pages 5 - 7
1 Jun 2020
Lebel DE Rocos B


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 1 | Pages 47 - 50
1 Feb 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 2 | Pages 11 - 15
1 Apr 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 1 | Pages 18 - 21
1 Feb 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 9, Issue 1 | Pages 35 - 39
1 Feb 2020


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 8, Issue 1 | Pages 28 - 30
1 Feb 2019


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 8, Issue 5 | Pages 40 - 41
1 Oct 2019


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 8, Issue 5 | Pages 30 - 32
1 Oct 2019


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 5 | Pages 24 - 27
1 Oct 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 8, Issue 3 | Pages 29 - 31
1 Jun 2019


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 3 | Pages 24 - 27
1 Jun 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 8, Issue 2 | Pages 31 - 33
1 Apr 2019


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 2 | Pages 40 - 42
1 Apr 2018
Foy MA


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 6 | Pages 28 - 31
1 Dec 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 4 | Pages 25 - 28
1 Aug 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 6 | Pages 39 - 40
1 Dec 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 2 | Pages 28 - 30
1 Apr 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 3 | Pages 34 - 36
1 Jun 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 6 | Pages 38 - 40
1 Dec 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 4 | Pages 12 - 15
1 Aug 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 5 | Pages 24 - 27
1 Oct 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 2 | Pages 25 - 27
1 Apr 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 7, Issue 1 | Pages 25 - 27
1 Feb 2018


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 5 | Pages 25 - 27
1 Oct 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 1 | Pages 24 - 26
1 Feb 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 4 | Pages 23 - 25
1 Aug 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 1 | Pages 23 - 24
1 Feb 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 3 | Pages 24 - 26
1 Jun 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 6 | Pages 33 - 35
1 Dec 2017


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 2 | Pages 23 - 26
1 Apr 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 6, Issue 1 | Pages 41 - 42
1 Feb 2017
Dale-Skinner J


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 6 | Pages 35 - 37
1 Dec 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 5 | Pages 22 - 25
1 Oct 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 1 | Pages 27 - 29
1 Feb 2014

The February 2014 Spine Roundup360 looks at: single posterior approach for severe kyphosis; risk factors for recurrent disc herniation; dysphagia and cervical disc replacement or fusion; hang on to your topical antibiotics; cost-effective lumbar disc replacement; anxiolytics no role to play in acute lumbar back pain; and surgery best for lumbar disc herniation.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 1 | Pages 32 - 33
1 Feb 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 4, Issue 6 | Pages 20 - 21
1 Dec 2015

The December 2015 Spine Roundup360 looks at: Ketamine in scoliosis surgery; Teriparatide in osteoporotic spinal fractures; Trabecular metal in the spine?; Revision surgery a SPORTing chance?; The course of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis; Hip or lumbar spine: a common conundrum


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 6 | Pages 21 - 23
1 Dec 2014

The December 2014 Spine Roundup360 looks at: surgeon outcomes;

complications and scoliosis surgery; is sequestrectomy enough in lumbar disc prolapse?; predicting outcomes in lumbar disc herniation; sympathectomy has a direct effect on the dorsal root ganglion; and distal extensions of fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 2 | Pages 28 - 31
1 Apr 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 4, Issue 2 | Pages 30 - 32
1 Apr 2015

The April 2015 Children’s orthopaedics Roundup360 looks at: Reducing the incidence of DDH – is ‘back carrying’ the answer?; Surgical approach and AVN may not be linked in DDH; First year routine radiographic follow up for scoliosis not necessary; Diagnosis of osteochondritis dessicans; Telemedicine in paediatrics; Regional anesthesia in supracondylar fractures?


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 5, Issue 1 | Pages 12 - 14
1 Feb 2016


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 1, Issue 6 | Pages 21 - 23
1 Dec 2012

The December 2012 Spine Roundup360 looks at: the Japanese neck disability index; adjacent segment degeneration; sacroiliac loads determined by limb length discrepancy; whether epidural steroids improve outcome in lumbar disc herniation; spondylodiscitis in infancy; total pedicle screws; and iliac crest autograft complications.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 2, Issue 4 | Pages 2 - 5
1 Aug 2013
Cakic JN

Arthroscopy has become a routine surgical procedure, used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the treatment of joint problems. This article discusses its origins and looks at how it is currently used.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 6 | Pages 23 - 26
1 Dec 2014

The December 2014 Trauma Roundup360 looks at: infection and temporising external fixation; Vitamin C in distal radial fractures; DRAFFT: Cheap and cheerful Kirschner wires win out; femoral neck fractures not as stable as they might be; displaced sacral fractures give high morbidity and mortality; sanders and calcaneal fractures: a 20-year experience; bleeding and pelvic fractures; optimising timing for acetabular fractures; and tibial plateau fractures.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 4 | Pages 2 - 4
1 Aug 2014
Monsell F


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 4 | Pages 35 - 38
1 Aug 2014
Hammerberg EM


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 1, Issue 4 | Pages 34 - 34
1 Aug 2012
Timperley J


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 1 | Pages 1 - 1
1 Feb 2014
Ollivere BJ


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 4, Issue 2 | Pages 39 - 40
1 Apr 2015
Wilson-MacDonald MJ


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 1 | Pages 7 - 10
1 Feb 2014
Stahel PF

The “Universal Protocol” (UP) was launched as a regulatory compliance standard by the Joint Commission on 1st July 1 2004, with the primary intent of reducing the occurrence of wrong-site and wrong-patient surgery. As we’re heading into the tenth year of the UP implementation in the United States, it is time for critical assessment of the protocol’s impact on patient safety related to the incidence of preventable never-events. This article opens the debate on the potential shortcomings and pitfalls of the UP, and provides recommendations on how to circumvent specific inherent vulnerabilities of this widely established patient safety protocol.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 1, Issue 3 | Pages 21 - 23
1 Jun 2012

The June 2012 Spine Roundup360 looks at: back pain; spinal fusion for tuberculosis; anatomical course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve; groin pain with normal imaging; the herniated intervertebral disc; obesity’s effect on the spine; the medicolegal risks of cauda equina syndrome; and intravenous lidocaine use and failed back surgery syndrome.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 1, Issue 2 | Pages 28 - 30
1 Apr 2012

The April 2012 Children’s orthopaedics Roundup360 looks at osteonecrosis of the femoral head and surgery for dysplasia, femoral head blood flow during surgery, femoroacetabular impingement and sport in adolescence, the Drehmann sign, a predictive algorithm for septic arthritis, ACL reconstruction and arthrofibrosis in children, spinal cord monitoring for those less than four years old, arthroereisis for the flexible flat foot, fixing the displaced lateral humeral fracture, and mobile phones and inclinometer applications


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 3, Issue 1 | Pages 2 - 6
1 Feb 2014
Rickert J

Patient-centred medicine is an approach to medical care that emphasises the patient experience. Treatment outcome measures reflect this experience, and outcomes are measured by obtaining patient feedback. Central to this type of care is the patient-physician relationship. Communication, physician empathy, and shared decision making are key components of this relationship. Patient-centred care is correlated with better patient outcomes across medical specialties and higher patient perceived quality of care. Payors are now using patient-centred quality measures in their physician reimbursement schedules.


Bone & Joint 360
Vol. 2, Issue 5 | Pages 39 - 41
1 Oct 2013

The October 2013 Research Roundup360 looks at: Orthopaedics: a dangerous profession?; Freezing and biomarkers for bone turnover; Herniation or degeneration first?; MARS MRI and metallosis; Programmed cell death in partial thickness cuff tears; Lead glasses for trauma surgery?; Smoking inhibits bone healing; Optimising polyethylene microstructure.