We present an anatomical study and the description of a new surgical technique for the arthroscopic treatment of scapholunate ligament injuries.

Materials and Methods: 5 specimens were used to perform the new arthroscopic technique and prove with confidence it’s reproducibility. After arthroscopic surgery, anatomic dissection had been performed to measure the distances to the critical wrist structures such as the posterior interosseous nerve, the radial artery and the distance of the portals to the extensor compartments.

Surgical Technique: Ligamentoplasty was performed with the flexor carpi radialis to reconstruct the dorsal scapholunate ligament.

First, a standard wrist arthroscopy was performed, and two bone tunnels were made. One across the scaphoid, through the 3/4 portal from its dorsal face to the tubercle, and another through the 4/5 portal to the lunate, perpendicular to its axis.

The plasty of the FCR was obtained by a volar approach, and it was passed through the tunnel of the scaphoid.

Subsequently, the plasty was passed from the 3/4 portal to 4/5, through a small 3-cm arthrotomy on this site.

Finally, we introduced the plasty in the lunate tunnel with a biotenodesis screw. At this manner the tenodesis Bone (insertion of FRC) - Tendon (FRC) - Tenodesis (FRC in lunate) was completed.

Results: Tenodesis were obtained in all 5 cases with no mayor damage to the structures described. The average of distance to IP nerve was 12 mm; to radial artery 17 mm and to superficial radial artery 9 mm. The average of distances from the portals to different extensor compartments are 3/4 portal to the second 2,8 mm, to the third 3,2 mm and to the forth 5,2 mm. 4/5 portal to the fourth 1,8 mm and to the fifth 7,2 mm. Radial midcarpal portal to the second 2mm and to the fourth 5,6 mm. Cubital midcarpal portal to the fourth 2,2 mm and to the fifth 7,4 mm

Discussion: This is a revolutionary wrist arthroscopic technique, because usual reconstruction techniques of the scapholunate damage are done openly.

With this arthroscopic technique three objectives are achieved. First, it reduces soft tissue damage, scar tissue and the section of secondary stabilizers of the wrist. Secondly, it ensures that, without doing and arthrotomy, the injured of IP nerve is avoided maintaining proprioception of the wrist and the properly function of the dynamic stabilizers. And finally the use of a stronger implant will shorten the time of immobilization.

Conclusion: We have developed a new surgical technique for arthroscopic reconstruction of the scapholunate ligament that will improve the outcomes of standard open techniques, as long as it will gain mobility and maintain the proprioception of the wrist.

However clinical trials in patients are needed to confirm with scientific rigor the new technique described.

Introduction: The open approach for releasing the A1 pulley shows high dissatisfaction rates. Percutaneous blind release is as an alternative achieving similar effectiveness and better results but the lack of visualization puts at risk the adjacent anatomy and its indicated only for the 3rd and 4th fingers. Recently, an effective percutaneous method for releasing A1 in every finger has been described assisted by the visualization with ultrasounds (US). Despite the reported safety, this US-technique poses a risk to the adjacent anatomy due the orientation of the blade. Our purposes were to develop a new percutaneous US-guided A1 release (USGAR) that lessens the risk to adjacent anatomic structures and to determine the precision, safety and efficacy of our USGAR.

Methods: To determine how to lessen the risk to adjacent structures, a descriptive study with a power-Doppler US (Logiq Book XP Pro 5–11 MHz, GE) was done in 100 fingers from 10 volunteers (3 females and 7 males; mean age 29,8 years, range 25–49 years). Measurements, on a transverse section of A1, included: lateral vascular angle (LVA), medial vascular angle (MVA), distance to lateral artery (DLA), distance to medial artery (DMA), lateral latitude (LL), medial latitude (ML), pulley thickness (PT) and synovial space width (SW).

A descriptive study was developed in 5 formaldehyde preserved cadavers, 50 fingers (3 men and 2 women, average age at time of death 60,6 years, range 52–81). US identification of topographic markings was followed by USGAR and open dissection. Measurements included real (RL) and US (UL) A1 length and distances from: markers to proximal (MP) and distal A1 edges (MD); markers to A2 (MA) and neurovascular (NV) bundles (MN); and from the surgical release to A2 (SA) and NV (SN). The length of any incomplete release (IR) and damage to adjacent structures were recorded. Mean values, Standard deviation and range were gathered. ANOVA was used to analyze differences (significant at p < 0.05).

Results: In our volunteers, we obtained the following values (degrees or mm): LVA, 20,9 +/− 14,03 (0/83,7); MVA, 23,3 +/−13,06 (0/61,5); DLA, 8,96 +/−3,08 (3,5/20,6); DMA, 7,59 +/−2,56 (3,7/16,8); LL, 2,38 +/−1,53 (−1/6,5); ML,: 2,56 +/−1,84 (0/10,8); PT, 0,79 +/−0,22 (0,2/1,5); SW, 0,33 +/−0,19 (0,1/0,9). Differences were not significant among fingers. In our group of cadavers our findings (mm) were: RL, 10,1 +/−1,36 (8/13); UL, 10,84 +/−1,38 (8/14); MP, −0,56 +/−1,3 (−5/2); MD, −0,19 +/−0,95 (−4/2); MA, 4,56 +/−1,64 (1/9); MN, 18,78 +/−4,11 (11/27); SA −1,08 +/−1,67 (−5/2); SN −13,17 +/−3,55 (−22/−6). There was a 1 mm IR in 2 fingers and minor puncture-like erosions in 6.

Conclussion: Our new method for USGAR minimizes the risk of accidental damage to adjacent anatomic structures. The method is precise, effective and safe in cadavers. This has set the bases for a clinical phase at our Institution.

We present in this work our experience with the sural fasciocutaneous flap to treat coverage defects following a lower limb posttraumatic lesion. This work is a review of the fasciocutaneous sural flaps carried out in different centres between 2000 and 2005. The series consist of 14 patients, 12 men and 2 women with an average age of 38 years (23–54) and with a medium follow-up time of 2 years (12–48 months). In all of the cases, aetiology was a lower limb injury being the most frequent the distal tibial fracture (eight patients), followed by sequelae from Achilles tendon reconstruction (two patients), fracture of the calcaneus (two patients) and osteomyelitis of the distal tibia (two patients) secondary to an open fracture. Associated risk factors in the patients for performing a fasciocutaneous flap were diabetes (1 case) and cigarette smoking (4 cases).

The technique is based on the use of a reverse-flow island sural flap with the superficial sural artery dependent on perforators of the peroneal arterial system. The anatomical structures which constitute the pedicle are the superficial and deep fascia, the sural nerve, external saphenous vein, superficial sural artery together with an islet of subcutaneous cellular tissue and skin.

The flap was viable in 13 of 14 patients. Only in one case, a diabetic patient, the graft failed. No patient showed signs of infection. Slight venous congestion of the flap occurred in two cases. No further surgical intervention of the donor site was required because of morbidity. In two cases partial necrosis of the skin edges occurred which resolved satisfactorily with conservative treatment.

The sural fasciocutaneous flap is useful for the treatment of complex injuries of the lower limbs. Its technical advantages are: easy dissection with preservation of more important vascular structures in the limb, complete coverage of the soft tissue defect in just one operation without the need of microsurgical anastomosis. All of that results in a well vascularised cutaneous islet and thus a reliable flap

Introduction and Objectives: Our aim is to describe the versatility of the Becker flap in different pathological conditions of the hand as treated in a orthopaedic trauma centre.

Materials and Methods: The Becker flap surgical technique is described as it is used in our centre as a means for coverage of injuries of the soft tissues in the palmar region of the hand. The procedure is described in three patients. One of these was a salvage procedure for recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome. The second was performed after an acute infection of the hypothenal eminence. The third involved coverage of a hand following trauma with a loss of tissue.

Results: In spite of the varied aetiologies of these cases, coverage was complete in all three cases, and there was no vascular compromise of the flap, nor dehiscence of sutures or acute infections. The use of the cubital flap was sufficient to resolve these conditions. On follow up, overall functional results for the hands were good, and the aesthetic results were acceptable for both the hand and the donor site.

Discussion and Conclusions: The Becker flap represents a good option for coverage of palmar cutaneous defects of the hand. Its versatility in the field of orthopaedic trauma makes it a practical and efficacious flap for use in acute and delayed cases.