Several authors have suggested that the final five weeks of gestation are a critical period for the development of the hip. In order to test the hypothesis that gestational age at birth may influence the development of the hip joint, we analysed the sonographic findings in 1992 hips (in 996 term newborns) with no risk factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The 996 infants were born at a mean gestational age of 39 weeks (37 to 41).

The mean bony roof angle (α), cartilage roof angle (β) and the distribution of the type of hip were compared between the 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th and 41st birth week groups. There was a significant difference in the distribution of type of hip between the different birth week groups (p < 0.001), but no significant difference between the α angles of all groups (p = 0.32). There was no correlation between birth week and roof angle (p = 0.407 and p = 0.291, respectively) and no significant correlation between birth weight and roof angle (p = 0.735 and p = 0.132, respectively).

The maturity of the infant hip, as assessed sonographically, does not appear to be affected by gestational age, and the fetal development of the acetabular roof appears to plateau from 37 weeks.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:266–70.

Introduction: It was hypothesized that ipsilateral upper extremity loading will decrease hip abductor activity by decreasing the adductor moment and thus relieving the symptoms of patients with gluteus medius tendinitis. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis with a electrophysiological and clinical study.

Materials and Methods: Seven voluntary men with no hip complaint were included in the electrophysiological phase of the study. The motor unit activities of the gluteus medius were measured for each subject during the consecutive loading of the ipsilateral, contralateral and both upper extremities, with 2, 3, 5 and 7 kilograms.

Seventeen patients (age range 34–67) with acute symptoms of gluteus medius tendinitis were included in the clinical phase of the study. Dynamic VAS scores were recorded for each patient during gait with consecutive loading of the ipsilateral, contralateral and both upper extremities, for each 2, 3, 5 and 7 kilograms. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used in statistical analysis. The p values below 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: In the electrophysiologic study the ipsilateral upper extremity loading with 7 kg in 4 patients, and with 5 and 7 kilograms in 2 patients resulted in a motor unit activities with moderate interference, while motor unit activities with full interference were recorded during all other loadings. The motor unit activity interference scores recorded during the ipsilateral upper extremity loading with 5 kilograms of above, were significantly less then all other loading combinations (p < 0.05).

In the clinical study, the ipsilateral upper extremity loading with 3 kilograms and above resulted in significantly less VAS scores then the other loading combinations (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: Ipsilateral upper extremity loading decrease the motor unit activity of the ipsilateral gluteus medius muscle and relieves the symptoms of the patients with gluteus medius tendinitis. Ipsilateral upper extremity loading can lead up to new strategies in the rehabilitation of gluteus medius tendinitis.

Introduction: Identifying normal ranges for calcaneal angles is important for the assessment of morbidity after calcaneal fractures. We have evaluated the distribution and normal ranges of calcaneal angles.

Method: A retrospective study was performed to review 105 lateral radiographs of 87 patients (62 female, 43 male). Radiographs with fractures, deformities and fusion were excluded. The mean age was 42.6 (18–79). Böhler and Gissane angles were measured by the same surgeon with the macros of the Hipax program. T test and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis with SPSS software with a significance level of P< 0.05.

Results: The mean Böhler angle was 34.4±4.12º (range 23–44), the Gissane angle was 116.4±6.23º (range 103–133). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean Böhler angles of women (34.9º±4.5) and men (33.9º±3.79) (t test: p> 0.05). There was no correlation between the two angles (r=−0.044; p> 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the Böhler angle and age (R=−0.36; P< 0.01). The regression equation of this correlation was y=−0.01x+38.51. There was no significant correlation between the Gissane angle and age (r=−0.046; p> 0.05).

Discussion: The reported ranges for Böhler and Gissane angles are widely spread (14–50 and 95–130, respectively). Our results were consistent with 4 (Hauser; Loucks; Didia; Igbigbi) of the 5 previous studies. However, unlike the other studies Böhler angle results did not show sex dimorphism and revealed a negative correlation with aging. Posterior facet collapse may be the cause of this correlation.