The antidiabetic agent metformin inhibits fibrosis in various organs. This study aims to elucidate the effects of hyperglycaemia and metformin on knee joint capsule fibrosis in mice. Eight-week-old wild-type (WT) and type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice were divided into four groups without or with metformin treatment (WT met(-/+), Db met(-/+)). Mice received daily intraperitoneal administration of metformin and were killed at 12 and 14 weeks of age. Fibrosis morphology and its related genes and proteins were evaluated. Fibroblasts were extracted from the capsules of 14-week-old mice, and the expression of fibrosis-related genes in response to glucose and metformin was evaluated in vitro.Aims
Methods
Dupuytren’s contracture is characterized by increased fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis, with eventual replacement of the surrounding fatty tissue with palmar fascial fibromatosis. We hypothesized that adipocytokines produced by adipose tissue in contact with the palmar aponeurosis might promote fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis. We compared the expression of the adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue surrounding the palmar aponeurosis of male patients with Dupuytren’s contracture, and of male patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as the control group. We also examined the effects of adiponectin on fibrosis-related genes and proteins expressed by fibroblasts in the palmar aponeurosis of patients with Dupuytren’s contracture.Aims
Methods
The purpose of this study was to introduce our perioperative prophylaxis method for infection and clarify surgical site infection rate in our patients performed total hip arthroplasty (THA). Two hundred and eighty four THA (including revision 18 cases) performed by single surgeon between Oct. 2007 and Jan. 2013 were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 65.7 years old. The male to female ratio was 46 to 238. BMI was 23.6. Ninety patients (32%) were compromised host suffering from diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease, history of malignant tumor, hemodialysis or skin disease at surgical site respectively. At preoperative period, we checked decayed tooth, alveolar pyorrhea, hemorrhoids, and leg skin condition. In addition, we examined culture of nasal cavity. At the day of surgery, patient took a shower just before entering surgical room. All of THA was performed in clean room NASA class 100. Surgeons and assistant nurse put on nonwoven fabric gown, space suit and double rubber gloves. We wiped surgical site leg by gauze impregnated by 0.5% chlorhexidine alchohol to eliminate skin bacteria twice just before surgeons scrubbing hands. Surgical site was covered by povidone iodine containing drape. Surgeons or nurse changed gloves when glove was broken at each time. We cleaned surgical field by pulse washer whenever necessary. We did not use drain except for 5 revision THAs. Regarding to prophylactic antibiotics usage, we administered cefcapene pivoxil orally the day before surgery. Drip infusion antibiotics (PIPC: until Oct. 2008, CEZ: after Oct. 2008) was administered at the period of 30 min. before surgery and 4 hours after surgery in case of prolonged surgical time (4 hours >). Skin closure was performed by staple and covered by gauze until May 2010. After that, we used surgical tape and transparent water proof sheet. After finishing surgery, antibiotic was administered 8 hours interval at surgery day and 12 hours interval for additional two days. In case multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA, MRSE) was positive in nasal culture, we applied mupirocin ointment to nasal cavity for 3 days before surgery and administered vancomycin (from Aug. 2011) or linezolid (from 2012) for prophylactic antibiotics in perioperative period.Introduction
Method
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of femorotibial alignment (FTA), femoral and tibial component alignment, correction of malalignment, and thickness of tibial osteotomy on implant loosening following total knee replacement. We retrospectively reviewed 107 knees in 65 patients with a minimum of six months of follow-up. The 107 knees were operated by two surgeons using BS4+ (Bisurface 4 plus) implant (Japan Medical Materials, Japan); the femoral component was cemented, and the tibial component was either cemented or not cemented by using four screws. All the replacements were performed under same operative procedure with medial para-patellar approach and measured bone technique. The knees were classified into two groups (: I and U) on the basis of postoperative radiological findings that indicate the loosening of tibial components. First, there were not any apparent loosening symptom like radio-lucent lines nor sinking; group-I (intact, n=75). Second, there were some radio-lucent lines around tibial component; subgroup-R (radio-lucent lines, n=25), or some subsidence of component over 2 mm; subgroup-S (subsidence, n=7), and the latter two subgroups were put into group-U (unstable, n=32) all together. We measured preoperative and postoperative alignment (overall FTA, correction of malalignment, and alignment of the tibial and the femoral component in the coronal plane). Furthermore, each thickness of tibial osteotomy was measured with use of preoperative and postoperative radiographs of the knee. These parameters including patient's BMI were compared between two major groups statistically to evaluate the factor influencing the stability of tibial components. Moreover, the thickness of tibial osteotomy were compared between two subgroups.Background
Methods
Biofilm infections are increasingly associated with orthopedic implants. Bacteria form biofilms on the surfaces of orthopedic devices. The biofilm is considered to be a common cause of persistent infections at a surgical site. The growth and the maturation of biofilm are enhanced by the flow of broth in culture environment. In order to reduce the incidence of implant-associated infections, we developed a novel coating technology of hydroxyapatite (HA) containing silver (Ag). We previously reported that the Ag-HA coating inhibits biofilm formation under flow condition of Trypto Soy Broth + 0.25% glucose for 7 days. In this study, we evaluated whether the Ag-HA coating continuously inhibits the biofilm formation on its surface under flow condition of fetal bovine serum, which contains many The commercial pure titanium disks were used as substrates. Ag-HA or HA powder was sprayed onto the substrates using a flame spraying system. The HA coating disks were used as negative control. The biofilm-forming methicillin resistant Problems
Materials and Method
Subtrochanteric femoral shortening and corrective osteotomy are considered to be an integral part of total hip arthroplasty for a completely dislocated hip or severe deformity of the proximal femur. A number of alternative femoral osteotomy techniques, transverse, oblique, step-cut, and V-shaped, have been described. Becker and Gustilo reported the “double-chevron subtrochanteric shortening derotational femoral osteotomy,” which is reasonable in that the osteotomy site is torsionally more stable and can be stabilized with a shorter stem. We have simplified this procedure, and performed it without a trochanteric osteotomy. We describe a simplified double-chevron osteotomy and provide the clinical results from a series of 22 successful procedures. In this series, we performed 22 cementless total hip arthroplasties combined with double-chevron subtrochanteric osteotomies between 1997 and 2002. There were 17 females and 2 males. Their average age at the time of the operation was 59 years old (range, 41–74 years old). Thirteen of these hips were congenitally dislocated hips (Crowe IV), and 8 hips were after proximal femoral osteotomies using a procedure described by Schanz or valgus osteotomy, and 1 hip was an ankylosed hip in malposition.Background
Methods
Dislocation is one of the commonest complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with incidence of between 0.3 and 10% in primary, and from 15 % to 30% of revision cases. Despite this, little is known of the outcome of treatment strategies for dislocation. In this study, we evaluated clinical results in patient undergoing revision THA for recurrent dislocation. Twenty-four hips underwent revision THA for recurrent instability between 1998 and 2011 at our institution. Nine patients were male, and 15 were female. At the time of revision, the average age was 69.9 years (range, 45–83 years). Average follow-up was 29.8 months (range, 6–72 months). We recorded the number of times of dislocation, the direction of dislocation, the factor of dislocation and the operative strategy employed for each case. Demographic data and surgical treatment used were analyzed to determine risk factors for failure. We performed Mann-Whitney rank sum test, Student's t-test and Fisher exact test to evaluate the factors influencing failure. Significance was defined as a p value of <0.05 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0 J for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)).Background
Materials and Methods
The objective of this study is to determine the knee joint forces when rising from a kneeling position. We have developed a new type of knee prosthesis which is capable of attaining Japanese style sitting. To run the simulations and experiments needed to assess the performance of this prosthesis, it is necessary to know what forces act on the knee during deep flexion. Because these data are lacking, we created a 2D mathematical model of the lower leg to help determine knee joint forces during deep flexion. Healthy subjects of ten males (age of 25±4years, height of 170.3±9.1cm, and weight of 67.0±22.2kg) and five females (25±3years, 161±7.1cm, 47.7±6.2kg) participated in the experiment. Ground reaction force and joints angles were measured using a force plate and a motion recording system respectively. The collected data were entered into our mathematical model, and the muscle forces and the knee joint forces were calculated. To verify our model, we first used it to run simulation of middle and high flexions of the knee joint. In vivo data for these actions are available in the literature, and the results from our simulation were in good agreement with these data. We then collected the data and run simulation when rising from a kneeling position under the conditions shown in Fig. 1. They were a) double leg rising (both legs are aligned) without using the arms, b) ditto but using the arms, c) single leg rising (legs are in the front and the rear respectively) without using the arms, and d) ditto but using the arms. We obtained the following results. The statistics of the maximum values on the single knee joint for each condition were; a)
Suggestions for improved wear performance of total knee replacements have included replacement of standard CoCr femoral components with ceramic. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (y-TZP) was introduced as high-strength and high toughness ceramic as an alternative to alumina ceramic. Since the introduction of zirconia in 1985, the clinical outcomes and successes for hip joint have been controversial. Y-TZP ceramics have been studied both experimentally and clinically. Magnesia-stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) also appears promising for total knee replacements (TKR). Mg-ZrO2 and CoCr femoral condyles were compared in the VanguardTM knee configuration (Biomet Inc, IN). Molded tibial inserts (GUR1050) were gamma-irradiation sterilization to 3.2-Mrad under argon. Knee simulation was conducted on a 6 station simulator (Shore Western Manufacturing, Monrovia, CA). Motion included 20 degrees of flexion/extension, 5 degrees of internal/external rotation and 5 mm of AP-translation. All knee components were subjected to 6 million cycles of normal walking (2.9 kN max, freq 1.4 Hz). Lubricant was 50% alfa-calf serum diluted to 20 mg/ml protein and using EDTA additive. Test duration was 6 million cycles (6-Mc), and wear was measured by weight-loss techniques. For wear trending of CoCr/PE and MGZ/PE, linear wear trends were apparent from 1 to 6 Mc test duration. The control implants (CoCr/PE) showed excellent linear trending (regression coeff r>
0.99) with wears rate averaging 6.3 mm3/Mc. These data showed good control of experimental variance (<
10%). The ZrO2/PE combination showed good linear trending (r >
0.86) with wear rate averaging only 0.8 mm3/Mc. This set also showed good control of experimental variance (<
15%. The MGZ/PE wear was 8-fold reduced from that of CoCr/PE. The laboratory knee wear simulation appeared very supportive of femoral condyles of Mg-stabilized zirconia. Such implants may provide excellent performance for active patients who may risk high wear rates over many years of use.
