Gram negative bacteria (GNB) are emerging pathogens in chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis. However, data on multi-drug (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) GNB are sparse. A multi-centre epidemiological study was performed in 10 countries by members of the ESGIAI (ESCMID Study Group on Implant Associated Infections). Osteosynthesis-associated osteomyelitis (OAO) of the lower extremities and MDR/XDR GNB were defined according to international guidelines. Data from 2000 to 2015 on demographics, clinical features, microbiology, surgical treatment and antimicrobial therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Cure was assessed after the end of treatment as the absence of any sign relevant to OAO. Factors associated with cure were evaluated by regression analysis.Aim
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