Aims: Our purpose was to evaluate þnal results of the fasciotomy of the lower leg in athletes, who were treated surgically for their chronic compartment syndromes. Methods: 339 consecutive patients were operated during years 1985 Ð 2000. A total number of 631 fasciotomies were done. In the retrospective patient series the results were analyzed by athletes´ ability to train and compete maximally. When maximal performances were possible without any pain the result was good, if they had some pain and light difþculties with maximal trainng, the result was moderate, and if they were not able to train normally or had pains during it the result was poor. The adequate end result (from 6 months to 12 years) was obtained from 91% of the patients. Results: The athletes represented following sports:endurance sports (endurance and middle distance running, orienteering, cross country skiing, triathlon, walking) 73%, sprinting, hurdling and jumping 18%, ball sports 4%, power and contact sports 3% and other sports 2%. The overall results of fasciotomy were good in 72%, moderate in 23%, and poor in 5% of the operated cases. Best results were obtained with anterior and posterior compartment syndromes. Complications were seen in 44 fasciotomies. One third of them affected with the end result. Reoperation due to the failure of the þrst fasciotomy or due to recurrent new compartment syndrome at the same compartment was performed in 39 cases. Conclusions: Chronic lower leg pains require sometimes fasciotomy. The operation gives usually good or moderate results. Athletes, who before the surgery were not able to train normally, could increase their training level to maximal or near to it.