Aims: The evaluation of the results becoming from the use of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the bone defects. Methods: In the present study the above substance was implanted during the period 2000-2002 (28 months) to 24 patients, 11 males and 13 females average age 39,1 for the males and 60 for the females. As a cause was referred in 12 patients the fall, in 3 patients the car crash, in 5 patients the following the removal of osteosynthesis materials, in 2 patients the bone cysts, in 1 patient fracture of ankle joint following fusion and in 1 patient a pseudarthrosis. The implantation of DBM concerned 8 hips, 4 femurs, 6 knees, 1 humerus, 1 forearm, 1 ankle, 2 metacarpal and 1 phalanx. All the fractures as well the fusion were treated through internal fixation. There was a regular post op follow-up and concerned the clinical and x-ray examination per month until the total incorporation of the graft (12 weeks). Results: In all patients the total incorporation of the DBM was accomplished in a brief period of time, depended on the place of implantation without having local or systemic side effects. We have to remark the early signs of bone shadow around the 3rd week, as well the incorporation of the matrix around the 12th week in the x-ray findings. Conclusions: The use of DBM in bone defects could play an important role to the filling of bone defrects due to fractures or benign cysts as a result of its incorporation and without inducing local or systematic side effects.

During the medical student’s training in the Anatomy we have studied the arterial constitutions of the forearm in 100 bodies from the Laboratory of the Descriptive Anatomy of the Medical School, University of Athens.

On our efforts to classify the complexity of the forearm concerning its blood supply we accepted that we might have some basic groups that can be explained by the embryology. Our results were:

A. “Regular” hematosis of the forearm (with the presence of the radial, the ulnar and the interosseous artery): 81%

All the forearm’s arteries ramify from the brachial artery: 68%

All the forearm’s arteries ramify from the superficial brachial artery: 7%

The radial artery origins from the superficial brachial artery, the ulnar and the interosseous arteries from the brachial artery: 4%

As in 3 with a wide osculation between the brachial and the radial artery in the elbow: 2%

B. Forearm’s superficial arteries: 10%

The superficialulnar artery substitutes the ulnar artery: 4%

Superficial middle artery: 2%

Superficial radial artery in addition to the normal radical artery: 2%

The forearm’s superficial artery is short and ends at the forearm’s proximal part: 2%

C. Presence of the middle artery (embryo remnant): 9%

The middle artery origins from the ulnar artery with the interosseous artery: 3%

The middle artery origins from the ulnar artery far from the common interosseous artery: 2%

The middle artery origins from the common interosseous artery: 2%

The middle artery origins from the radical artery: 2%

Aim: The orthopedic surgeons, especially those who are specialized in arthroplasty, should be conversant with all the anatomic variations of the popliteal bothrium. After a wide research we present our conclusions about the variations of the popliteal bothrium.

Material-method: The study was carried out in the Anatomic Laboratory of Athens Medical University during the last 16 years and for our purpose we dissected 110 cadavers (220 legs).

Results: The length of the popliteal artery, from the major adductor foramen to the division into anterior and posterior tibial artery, is 4–9 cm. We have classified the observed variations into two groups, according to whether the division is below or above the level of the popliteal muscle:

1. below the level of the popliteal muscle (194/220)

A. The division occurs after the origin of the peroneal artery (172/220)

B. The peroneal artery arises at the level of the division (16/220)

C. The popliteal artery divides into posterior tibial and peroneal artery, while the anterior tibial artery arises from the peroneal (6/220)

2. above the level of the popliteal muscle (26/220)

A. The peroneal artery arises from the posterior tibial artery (10/220)

B. The peroneal artery arises from the posterior tibial artery, while the anterior tibial artery runs in front of the popliteal muscle (8/220)

C. The peroneal artery arises from the anterior tibial artery (8/220)