129 knees suitable for a standard PCL retaining cemented total knee replacement were randomised into two groups, one in which PCL was retained in the normal way, the other group having the PCL fully resected. Both groups received a PCL retaining implant. The two groups were well matched with a predominance of females and a mean age of 67 years.

There was no statistically significant difference in the HSS scores at an average of 57 months (range 56–60 months) in the two groups. Pain relief, deformity correction, range of motion, stability and strength were comparable in the two groups. A radiological assessment revealed femoral rollback in approximately 20% of cases with a slightly higher incidence in the PCL sacrificed group. There was no significant loosening detected in either of the categories at two years review.

At five years one TKR in the PCL retained group has been revised due to an infection and one each in the two groups are awaiting revision surgery for loosening. Our findings have shown that there is no significant difference in the 5 year results of a PCL-retaining total knee replacement if the PCL is excised or preserved. This suggests two significant points:

the PCL is not functional in most patients with a total knee replacement even when retained:

Aims: We performed a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial of a comparison of PCL excison and PCL retention whilst using a standard PCL retaining cemented PFC knee relacement in order to answer two questionsòa) is the PCL functional if retained in PCL retaining TKRs. b) does PCL excison affect the results of a standard PCL retaining knee replacement. Methods: 129 knees suitable for a standard PCL retaining cemented total knee replacement were randomised into two groups, one in which the PCL was retained in the normal way, the other group having the PCL fully resected. Both groups received a PCL retaining implant. The two groups were well matched with a predominance of females and a mean age of 67 years. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the HSS scores at an average of 57 months in the two groups. Pain relief, deformity correction, range of motion, stability and strength were comparable in the two groups. A radiological assessment revealed significant rollback in approximately 20% of cases with a slightly higher incidence in the PCL sacrificed group. There was no significant loosening detected in either of the categories at two years review. At five years one TKR in the PCL retained group has been revised due to an infection and one each in the two groups are awaiting revison surgery for loosening. Conclusions: Our findings have shown that there is no significant difference in the 5 year results of a PCL retaining total knee replacement if the PCL is excised or preserved. This suggests two significant points –a) the PCL is not functional in most patients with a total knee replacement even when retained. b) patients with excised PCLs show good results with PCL retaining implants, thereby questioning the need for posterior stabilised designs in all such cases.

We randomised 129 knees which were to be replaced using a standard posterior-cruciate-ligament (PCL)-retaining cemented total knee replacement into two groups. In one the PCL was retained in the normal way and in the other it was resected. They were well matched, with a predominance of women, and a mean age of 67 years.

There was no statistically significant difference in the Hospital for Special Surgery scores at a mean of 57 months (56 to 60) between the two groups although 21 patients (24 knees) were lost to follow-up. Relief from pain, correction of deformity, range of movement, stability and strength were comparable in both. Radiological assessment showed femoral rollback in approximately 20% of knees with a slightly higher incidence in the PCL-resected group. There was no significant loosening detected in either group at review at two years.

At five years, one knee in the PCL-retained group had been revised because of infection and one patient in each group was awaiting revision for loosening.

Our findings have shown no significant difference in the five-year results for a PCL-retaining total knee replacement if the PCL is excised or preserved. This suggests two important points. First, the PCL is not functional in most patients with a total knee replacement even when retained. Secondly, patients with an excised PCL show a good result with a PCL-retaining implant, thereby questioning the need for a posterior stabilised design in such a situation.

The aim of this study was to determine prospectively whether a lateral capsular approach to the knee joint for the purposes of total knee arthroplasty confers any advantage over the traditional medial capsular approach.

One hundred consecutive valgus osteoarthritic knees with greater than 10′ deformity were randomised into two groups each using a different surgical approach to the knee joint but all patients receiving the same type of arthroplasty components. One group had the replacement arthroplasty utilising a standard medial para-patellar approach and incorporating a lateral retinacular release where required whilst the other group received a modified lateral capsular approach avoiding osteotomy of the tibial tubercle and repositioning vastus lateralis at closure. Both groups were well matched in terms of age and sex. Each patient was reviewed in a special clinic at one year post-op to establish functional outcome and to review post-operative complications and length of stay and to conduct a radiological assessment of the implant. Pre and post-operative assessment utilised the HSS and Oxford knee scores. The assessor (a research physiotherapist) was blinded to the randomisation.

Results: All one hundred patients will have had their twelve month follow-up by February 2002. The results of the first 67 knees have been analysed in a preliminary study. The knee post-operative HSS and Oxford scores for the medial capsular group were 77.4 and 26 respectively and for the lateral capsular group 81.2 and 26.8. 79.4% of the patients in the medial group and 88% of patients in the lateral group showed good to excellent results on HSS scoring. Average patient satisfaction on a scale of 10 was 7.9 for the medial group and 8.5 for the lateral group. Other criteria such as range of motion, correction of deformity and stability were comparable in the two groups but it was noted that there was a tendency to use more constrained implants in the medial group. The differences between the two sets of results are not statistically significant in this preliminary report. There was no increase in wound complications in the lateral group despite incomplete closure of the capsule.

Conclusion: The lateral capsular approach for replacement arthroplasty of the valgus arthritic knee is as safe and effective as the medial capsular approach. The lateral capsular approach appears to have some advantages in certain situations such as severe and unstable deformity associated patello-femoral maltracking and also appears to enable the use of less constrained implants.

67 knees (47 patients) with a valgus deformity of more than 10° suitable for total knee replacement were randomised to two different approaches. One group (36 knees) had their knees replaced by the standard medial para-patellar approach, whilst the other (31 knees) received a modified lateral approach (without an osteotomy of the tibial tubercle and with repositioning of the contracted vastus lateralis). Both groups were well matched with a predominance of females and mean age of 67 years. The average follow up was 29 months.

Patients were assessed both pre and post operatively by the HSS (Hospital for Special Surgery) and Oxford knee scores, radiologically by weight bearing AP and lateral radiographs and by patient satisfaction scores on a scale of 10. The mean pre operative HSS and Oxford scores for the medial group were 35.3 and 46.3 respectively and for the lateral group were 35.3 and 46.3 respectively. The mean post operative HSS and Oxford scores for the medial group were 77.4 (mean improvement of 41.4 points) and 26 respectively and for the lateral group was 81.2 (HSS score, mean improvement of 45.9 points) and 26.8 (Oxford score). 79.4% of patients in the medial group and 88% of patients in the lateral group showed good to excellent results (using the HSS scoring system).

At two years none of the knees were radiologically loose or mal aligned. Average patient satisfaction on a scale of 10 was 7.9 for the medial group and 8.5 for the lateral group. One patient reported no relief of pain and an acute limitation of function at two years. She suffers from severe Parkinson’s disease and disabilities arising from multiple joint pathologies. There was no incidence of an early or late infection.

Pain relief, range of motion, deformity correction and stability were comparable in the two groups.

The results suggest that a lateral capsular approach for the replacement of valgus knees may give higher knee scores than a conventional medial approach. The differences between the two sets of results are not however statistically significant. There was no increase in wound complication in the lateral group despite incomplete closure of the capsule.

The lateral capsular approach is as safe and effective as the medial capsular approach for replacement of the valgus osteoarthritic knee.

We report on the radiological findings in a series of 871 consecutive primary condylar knee replacements followed up for an average of four years. A new radiological sign has been identified, consisting of a smoothly tapering wedge of cement visible beneath the horizontal portion of the tibial component on the anteroposterior radiograph. This was found in 25.4% of our cases and appears to indicate a persistent soft-tissue imbalance following condylar arthroplasty of the knee. The cement-wedge sign was associated with a highly significant increase in radiolucent lines at the tibial cement-bone interface.

We report the use of long curved Kuntscher nails to maintain stability during arthrodesis of nine infected and five uninfected failures of total knee replacement. The curvature of the nail helps positioning and avoids the need for cortical perforation. A single-stage operation was possible in most cases. Union rates are comparable with those of other series and even patients with delayed union have satisfactory function.

In a consecutive series of 87 operations for knee replacement prospective observations were made of the pattern of articular destruction in the form of a triangle of erosion or osteophyte formation, which is seen on the medial femoral condyle, sometimes with an associated strip on the lateral femoral condyle. These areas represent the surfaces which are normally in contact with the anterior horns of the menisci when the knee is fully extended. The lesions in question were found only in association with a flexion contracture in 84 out of the 87 cases.