Objective: Assorted treatment methods of articular cartilage injury are known. The using of allogenic MSCs (Mesenchymal stem cells) get from bone marrow blood brings combinated with new composite collagen/chi-tosan scaffold new possibilities in treatment of these defects. The aim of our study was to examine the therapeutic effect of this transplantation.

Methods: Experimental group A (20 miniatuture pigs), allogenic MSCs in composite scaffold were transplanted into a iatrogenic defect on articular cartilage of lateral condyle of left distal femur. Control group B (20 miniatuture pigs), only composite scaffold were transplanted into a iatrogenic defect on articular cartilage in the same place. The finally results in both groups were by histological examination (H-E, PAS, ELISA, FISH – MSCs was with labeled fluorochrome CM-DiI) determinated. For objective evaluation we used the histological - histochemical O’Driscoll score.

Results: In group A the ‘Driscoll score (quality of cartilage healing) was 16,3±2,2, in group B 10,0±1,56. Imunohistochemical examination the collagen II fibres detected in group A in 80%, FISH detected fluorochrome CM-DiI in 75% in new cartilage.

Conclusion: MSCs transplantation leads to much better resluts of healing compared with untreated defects in control group (only scaffold transplnatation). Supported by the Research Projects of MSMT (NPV II 2B06130).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are multipotent cells capable of forming cartilage, bone, and other connective tissues. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells could functionally heal defect in the distal femoral physis in rabbits without the use of immunosuppressive therapy. An iatrogenic defect was created in the lateral femoral condyle of thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits, 7 weeks old, that weighed 2.25 ? 0.24 kg. Each defect, 3.5 mm in width and 12 mm in length, in the right distal femoral physis was treated with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in new composite hyaluronate/ collagen type I/fibrin scaffold. The healing response was evaluated radiographically, by MRI (at three weeks and four months after implantation), and also histologically, by Pearls’ reaction and with immunofluorescency (at four months after implantation). The results were compared with the data for the control defects (without stem cell implantation) in left distal femoral physes. In average, right femurs with damaged distal physis and transplanted MSCs grew more in length (0.55? 0.21 cm) as compared with left femurs with physeal defect without stem cell transplantation (0.46? 0.23 cm). Valgus deformity of right femurs with physeal defect and transplanted MSCs was mild (0.2? 0.1°). On the contrary, left femurs with physeal defect without transplantated MSCs showed significant valgus deformity (2.7? 1.6°). For defects treated with allogenic mesenchymal stem cell implants, no adverse immune response and implant rejection were detected in this model. Histologically, no lymphocytic infiltration occurred. At four months after transplantation, hyalinne cartilage had formed throughout the defects treated with allogenic MSCs. Labeled mesenchymal stem cells/diferentiated chondrocytes were detected in the physeal defects based on magnetic resonance imaging and immunofluorescency. The results of this study demonstrated that allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in a new composite hyaluronate/collagen type I/fibrin scaffold repaired iatrogenic defects in the distal femoral physes in rabbits without the use of immunosuppressive therapy. The use of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of physeal defects may be an alternative to autologous MSCs transplantation. An allogenic approach would enable mesenchymal stem cells to be isolated from any donor, providing a readily available source of cells for cartilage tissue repair.

Physeal cartilage is known to have poor self-repair capacity after injury. Evaluation of the ability of cultured mesenchymal stem cells to repair damaged physis is the actual research topics. In 10 immature New Zealand white rabbits autogenous mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into iatrogenic physeal defect in lateral portion of distal growth plate of the right femur. The same defect without stem cells transplantation in the left femoral distal physis served as a control. In our study, we used our own technique of implantation of MSCs with a newly modified gel scaffold (New Composite Hyaluronate/Collagen Type I/Fibrin Scaffold). The rabbits were euthanized 4 months after transplantation. Bone length discrepancy and valgus deformity were measured from femoral radiographs. Healing of the defect was investigated histologically. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells to survive and promote cartilage healing in the physeal defect was assessed by immunofluorescence. Average difference in femur length measured from surgery to euthanasia (4 months) was 0.61? 0.19 cm after preventive transplantation of MSCs in right femur, but only 0.11 ? 0.07 cm in left femur. Average angular (valgus) deformity of right femur with MSCs preventively transplanted to iatrogenically damaged distal femoral physis was 1.2? 0.72°. Valgus deformity in left femur was 5.4? 2.5°. Prophylactic transplantation of autogenous mesenchymal stem cells to iatrogenically damaged distal growth plate of rabbit femur prevented bone bridge formation and resulted in healing of the physeal defect with hyaline cartilage. Immunofluorescence examination showed that the chondrocytes newly formed in growth zone are the result of implanted MSCs differentiation. Femur growth in traumatized physis was maintained even after transplantation of autogenous MSCs. As compared with the opposite femur (with physeal defect but without transplanted MSCs), the bone showed no significant shortening or valgus deformity (p=0.018).

The aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis, despite of long-lasting efforts to disclose it, remains unknown.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the spine development after pinealectomy or cortical sensory motor area damage in the growing rats.

Method: The authors operated 69 Wistar albino rats (aged three to four weeks) in antraperitoneal anaesthesia. In the first group (22 rats) pinealectomy – PIN was performed, in the second one (25) the sensory motor cortical area 2x1x1 mm bellow the coronal suture was removed – SMCA. The sham operation consisted of craniotomy – CRA (11 rats) and craniotomy with durotomy – CRDU (11 rats). All surgeries were performed from the left side. Radiography was made three months after surgery. Scoliosis, C2-T7 lordosis, T7-S1 kyphosis were measured. Results have been processed by software Statistica 7.1. StatSoft, Inc. (2005). We used ANOVA test for evaluation of potential difference between groups, in the case of approving the difference between groups, we tested difference between each two groups by two-sample t-test. Those tests were realised on 0,05 significant level.

Results: In the PIN group scoliosis 9–14 degrees (mean value 10,8) developed in five animals, in SMCA group scoliosis 10 – 24 degrees (mean value 15,9) was observed in eight animals.

These statistically significant differences were found: higher surgery weight in PIN, longer surgery time in PIN and SMCA, lower lordosis in PIN and higher in CRDU, differences of all groups in kyphosis and in an end weight.

Conclusion: Our results indicate the importance of cortical area damage, together with craniotomy and durotomy in the development of growing rat spine. We cannot exclude the influence of peri-operative bleeding, brain hypoxia or metabolic effect of anaesthetics.

These damages could cause a disorder of balance between smaller inhibitory and greater facilitating area of CNS, controlling the muscular tone and resulting in the development of lordosis and scoliosis due to muscle imbalance.