The primary objective is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of inoculating homogenized tissue and bone biopsies in blood culture bottles (BCB) for patients with (suspected) orthopaedic device-related infections. As secondary objective the time to positivity (TTP) of BCB and Wilkins-Chalgren broth (conventional method) will be evaluated. Patients undergoing revision surgery due to suspected or proven fracture-related infection (FRI) or periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) according to respectively Consensus definition and EBJIS definition are included.1,2 A minimal of three macroscopic infected/inflamed tissue/bone samples are collected in a container with saline and glass beads. 1.5 mL of the homogenized suspension is inoculated in BacT/ALERT FA and FN Plus bottles for 14 days. The remaining suspension is inoculated in Wilkins-Chalgren broth for 10 days and subcultured when cloudy or after 10 days. TTP is defined as the time until definite identification of the pathogen in the Laboratory Information System.Aim
Method
Bacteriophages are remerging as alternative and adjunctive therapy for fracture-related infection (FRI). However, current administration protocols involve prolonged retention of a percutaneous draining tube with potential risk of developing superinfection. In this study, we applied a cocktail of Two evolved bacteriophages (MRSA-R14 and COL-R23) with improved antibiofilm activity against a clinical isolate (MRSA3) were tested in combination with vancomycin and a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel Aim
Method
Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) is a severe complication caused by microbial infection of bone. It is imperative to gain more insight into the potentials and limitations of Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention (DAIR) to improve future FRI treatment. The aims of this study were to: 1) determine how time to surgery affects the success rate of DAIR procedures of the lower leg performed within 12 weeks after the initial fracture fixation operation and 2) evaluate whether appropriate systemic antimicrobial therapy affects the success rate of a DAIR procedure. This multinational retrospective cohort study included patients of at least 18-years of age who developed an FRI of the lower leg within 12 weeks after the initial fracture fixation operation, between January 1st 2015 to July 1st 2020. DAIR success was defined by the absence of recurrence of infection, preservation of the affected limb and retention of implants during the initial treatment. The antimicrobial regimen was considered appropriate if the pathogen(s) was susceptible to the given treatment at the correct dose as per guideline. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess factors that could contribute to the DAIR success rate.Aims
Methods
To classify Fracture-related Infection (FRI) allowing comparison of clinical studies and to guide decision-making around the main surgical treatment concepts. An international group of FRI experts met in Lisbon, June 2022 and proposed a new FRI classification. A core group met during the EBJIS Meeting in Graz, 2022 and on-line, to determine the preconditions, purpose, primary factors for inclusion, format and the detailed description of the elements of an FRI Classification.Aim
Method
The number of operatively treated clavicle fractures has increased over the past decades. Consequently, this has led to an increase in secondary procedures required to treat complications such as fracture-related infection (FRI). The primary objective of this study was to assess the clinical and functional outcome of patients treated for FRI of the clavicle. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the healthcare costs and propose a standardized protocol for the surgical management of this complication. All patients with a clavicle fracture who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) between 1 January 2015 and 1 March 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. This study included patients with an FRI who were diagnosed and treated according to the recommendations of a multidisciplinary team at the University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.Aim
Method
Fracture-related infection (FRI) is one of the most serious complications in orthopedic trauma surgery [1]. The role of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) remains controversial in the management pathway of FRI [2]. Currently, as scientific evidence is lacking, most recommendations for NPWT with respect to the treatment of FRI are based on expert opinion [3]. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of NPWT and its duration on recurrence of infection in operatively treated FRI patients. This is a retrospective cohort study based on the FRI database of three Level 1 Trauma Centres. To be included, patients had to be at least 16 years of age and needed to be surgically treated for FRI between January 1st 2015 and September 1st 2020. Included patients were subdivided in either the NPWT group, or in the control group, when no NPWT had been applied. To avoid confounding, patients were excluded if they (also) underwent NPWT prior to the FRI diagnosis. The relation between the duration of NPWT during FRI treatment and the recurrence rate of infection was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.Aim
Methods
Fracture-related infection (FRI) is an important complication related to orthopaedic trauma. Although the scientific interest with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of FRI is increasing, data on the microbiological epidemiology remains limited. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological epidemiology related to FRI, including the association with clinical symptoms and antimicrobial susceptibility data. The secondary aim was to analyze whether there was a relationship between the time to onset of infection and the microbiological etiology of FRI. Over a five-year period, FRI patients treated at the University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium, were retrospectively included. The microbiological etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility data were analyzed. Patients were classified as having an early (<2 weeks after implantation), delayed (2–10 weeks) or late-onset (> 10 weeks) FRI.Purpose
Methods
Although non-unions being one of the most common complication after long-bone fracture fixation, the definition of this entity remains controversial and varies widely among authors. A clear definition is crucial, not only for the evaluation of published research data but also for the establishment of uniform treatment concepts. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the definitions and different criteria used in the scientific literature to describe non-unions after long bone fractures. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Prospective therapeutic and diagnostic clinical studies in which adult long-bone fracture non-unions were investigated as main subject were included in this analysis.Aim
Method
The aim of this systematic review was to determine all cultured bacteria, antibiotic strategies, and their outcome from literature describing treatment of FRI patients between 1990 and 2018. A systematic literature search was performed on treatment and outcome of FRI. All studies in English that described surgical patient series for treatment of FRI were included, using Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Publications before 1990 and studies that did not describe FRI patient treatment or did not report original data (Aim
Methods
Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is often propagated as treatment option for fracture-related infection (FRI). After surgical debridement and repeated NPWT dressing changes, the wounds are often closed by free flaps. Sometimes even healing by secondary intention seems an alternative. Recently, concerns have been raised on the long-term use of NPWT as it could be related to bacterial overgrowth and possible re-infection. The purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective evaluation of the influence of long-term NPWT on tissue culture results and outcome in FRI patients Between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2018, a total of 852 patients were treated with NPWT for different indications on the Department of Trauma Surgery. Inclusion criteria for this study were patients with a closed fracture, stabilized with osteosynthetic fixation and complicated with a confirmed FRI according to the Aim
Method
The aim of this systematic review was to determine the reported treatment strategies, their individual success rates, and other outcome parameters in the management of critical-sized bone defects in Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) patients between 1990 and 2018. We performed a systematic literature search on treatment and outcome of critical-sized bone defects in FRI. Treatment strategies identified were, autologous cancellous grafts, autologous cancellous grafts combined with local antibiotics, the induced membrane technique, vascularized grafts, bone transport, and bone transport combined with local antibiotics. Studies describing bone defects of 1 cm or greater were included. Outcomes were bone healing and infection eradication after primary surgical protocol and recurrence of FRI and amputations at the end of study period.Aim
Method
Alongside debridement and irrigation, soft tissue coverage and osseous stabilization, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is considered the gold standard in the management of open fractures and considerably reduces the risk of subsequent fracture-related Infections (FRI). The direct application of antibiotics into the surgical field (local antibiotics) has been used for decades as additional prophylaxis in open fractures, although definitive evidence confirming a beneficial effect is scarce. The purpose of the present study was to review the clinical evidence regarding the effect of prophylactic application of local antibiotics in open limb fractures. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web-of- Science and Embase. Cohort studies investigating the effect of additional local antibiotic prophylaxis compared to systemic prophylaxis alone in the management of open fractures were included and the data were pooled in a meta-analysis.Aim
Method
Fracture related infection (FRI) remains a challenging diagnosis in orthopedic and trauma surgery. In addition to clinical signs and imaging, serum inflammatory markers are often used to estimate the probability of FRI. To what extent serum inflammatory markers can be used to rule out and diagnose FRI remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the diagnostic value of the serum inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count (LC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in suspected fracture related infection. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for all articles focusing on the diagnostic value of CRP, LC and ESR in FRI. Studies on other inflammatory markers or other types of orthopedic infection, such as periprosthetic and diabetic foot infections, were excluded. For each serum inflammatory marker, all reported sensitivity and specificity combinations were extracted and graphically visualized. Average estimates were obtained using bivariate mixed effects models. This study utilized the QUADAS-2 criteria and was reported following the PRISMA statement.Aim
Method
Duration of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) remains controversial in prevention of fracture-related infection (FRI) – with rates up to 30% - in open fracture (OF) management. Objectives were to investigate the impact of the PAP duration exclusively in or related to long bone OF trauma patients and the influence of augmented renal clearance (ARC), a known phenomenon in trauma patients, as PAP consists of predominantly renally eliminated antibiotics. Trauma patients with operatively treated OF, admitted between January 2003 and January 2017 at the University Hospitals Leuven, were retrospectively evaluated. FRI was defined following the criteria of the consensus definition of FRI. A logistic regression model was conducted with FRI as outcome. Results were considered statistically significant when p< 0.05.Aim
Method
Infection rates after management of open fractures are still high. Existing guidelines regarding prevention of this complication are inhomogeneous. A survey directed to orthopaedic trauma surgeons worldwide aims to give an overview of current practices in the management of open fractures. An international group of trauma surgeons and infection specialists with experience in the field of musculoskeletal infections developed a questionnaire that was distributed via email to all AOTrauma members worldwide. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.Aim
Method
To assess the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), leucocyte count (LC), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in late fracture-related infection (FRI). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched focusing on the diagnostic value of CRP, LC, and ESR in late FRI. Sensitivity and specificity combinations were extracted for each marker. Average estimates were obtained using bivariate mixed effects models.Aims
Materials and Methods
As well as debridement and irrigation, soft-tissue coverage, and osseous stabilization, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is considered the benchmark in the management of open fractures and considerably reduces the risk of subsequent fracture-related infections (FRI). The direct application of antibiotics in the surgical field (local antibiotics) has been used for decades as additional prophylaxis in open fractures, although definitive evidence confirming a beneficial effect is scarce. The purpose of the present study was to review the clinical evidence regarding the effect of prophylactic application of local antibiotics in open limb fractures. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Cohort studies investigating the effect of additional local antibiotic prophylaxis compared with systemic prophylaxis alone in the management of open fractures were included and the data were pooled in a meta-analysis.Objectives
Methods
This study aimed to investigate the role of quantitative histological
analysis in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection (FRI). The clinical features, microbiology culture results, and histological
analysis in 156 surgically treated nonunions were used to stratify
the likelihood of associated infection. There were 64 confirmed
infected nonunions (one or more confirmatory criteria: pus, sinus,
and bacterial growth in two or more samples), 66 aseptic nonunions
(no confirmatory criteria), and 26 possibly infected nonunions (pathogen
identified from a single specimen and no confirmatory criteria).
The histological inflammatory response was assessed by average neutrophil
polymorph (NPs) counts per high-power field (HPF) and compared with
the established diagnosis.Aims
Patients and Methods
The aim was to investigate the value of quantitative histological analysis in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection (FRI). The clinical features, microbiology culture results and histological analysis in 156 surgically treated non-unions were used to stratify the likelihood of associated infection. There were 64 confirmed infected non-unions (≥1 confirmatory criteria; pus, sinus and bacterial growth in ≥2 samples), 66 aseptic non-unions (no confirmatory criteria) and 26 possibly infected (pathogen identified from a single specimen and no confirmatory criteria). The histological inflammatory response was assessed by average neutrophil polymorphs (NPs) counts per high power field (HPF) and compared to the established diagnosis.Aim
Patients and Methods