The aim of this study was to gain a consensus for best practice of the assessment and management of children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW) in order to provide a benchmark for practitioners and guide the best consistent care. An established Delphi approach with predetermined steps and degree of agreement based on a standardized protocol was used to determine consensus. The steering group members and Delphi survey participants included members from the British Society of Children’s Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS) and the Association of Paediatric Chartered Physiotherapists (APCP). The statements included definition, assessment, treatment indications, nonoperative and operative interventions, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of the Delphi survey results. The AGREE checklist was followed for reporting the results.Aims
Methods
Non-unions often arise because of high strain environments at fracture sites. Revision fixation, bone grafting and biologic treatments to treat long bone fracture non-union can be expensive and invasive. Percutaneous strain reduction screws (PSRS) can be inserted as a day-case surgical procedure to supplement primary fixation at a fraction of the cost of traditional treatments. Screw insertion perpendicular to the plane of a non-union can resist shear forces and achieve union by modifying the strain environment. A multi-centre retrospective study was undertaken to confirm the results of the initial published case series, ascertain whether this technique can be adopted outside of the developing institution and assess the financial impact of this technique. Retrospective analysis was performed for all PSRS cases used to treat un-united long bone fractures in four level 1 trauma centres from 2016 to 2020. All patients were followed up until union was achieved or further management was required. Demographic data was collected on patients, as were data about their injuries, initial management and timings of all treatments received. A comparative cost analysis was performed comparing patients treated with PSRS and with traditional non-union surgery methods.Introduction
Materials and Methods
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are locally aggressive lesions typically found in the long bones of children and adolescents. A variety of management strategies have been reported to be effective in the treatment of these lesions. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness of current strategies for the management of primary ABCs of the long bones. A systematic review of the published literature was performed to identify all articles relating to the management of primary ABCs. Studies required a minimum 12-month follow-up and case series reporting on under ten participants were not included.Aims
Methods
There is increasing evidence that flexible flatfoot (FF) can
lead to symptoms and impairment in health-related quality of life.
As such we undertook an observational study investigating the aetiology
of this condition, to help inform management. The hypothesis was
that as well as increased body mass index (BMI) and increased flexibility of
the lower limb, an absent anterior subtalar articulation would be
associated with a flatter foot posture. A total of 84 children aged between eight and 15 years old were
prospectively recruited. The BMI for each child was calculated,
flexibility was assessed using the lower limb assessment scale (LLAS)
and foot posture was quantified using the arch height index (AHI).
Each child underwent a sagittal T1-weighted MRI scan of at least
one foot. Aims
Patients and Methods
The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors that are associated with re-displacement of the hip after surgical reconstruction in cerebral palsy. Retrospective review of children with cerebral palsy who had hip reconstruction with proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO) and Dega-type pelvic osteotomy, between 2005–2012, at a UK and European institution, was performed. Patient demographics, GMFCS, clinical and radiological outcome were assessed as well as the presence of pelvic obliquity and significant scoliosis (Cobb angle > 10 degrees). Redisplacement was defined as Reimer's Migration Index (MI) >30% at final follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess which factors were predictive of redisplacement and adjusted for clustered variables (α = 0.05). Eighty hips were identified in 61 patients. The mean age at surgery was 8.8 years (± 3.3). Mean MI pre-op was 68% (± 23%) and post-op was 8% (± 12%). At a mean follow-up, of 3.2 years (± 2.0), 23 hips had a MI >30%. Of these; five were symptomatic, and one had required a salvage procedure. Metalwork removal was undertaken in 14 hips. Logistic regression demonstrated that the pre-operative MI and the percentage of acute correction were significant predictors of re-displacement. If the pre-operative MI was greater than 65 percent, the odds ratio (OR) for redisplacement was 5.99 (p = 0.04). If correction of the MI was less than 90% of the pre-operative MI, the OR for re-displacement was 4.6 (p = 0.03). Age at the time of surgery, GMFCS, pelvic obliquity and scoliosis were not predictive of re-displacement. These results, firstly, highlight the importance of hip surveillance in children with cerebral palsy to allow timely intervention to ensure adequate radiological outcomes. Secondly, as in developmental hip dysplasia, full concentric reduction is essential to reduce the risk of re-displacement, with its associated clinical consequences.
To assess the risk of early re—dislocation following closed reduction (CR) of the hip for idiopathic developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Review of case notes and radiographs of all who underwent CR for DDH between January 2005 and January 2010 was undertaken. Parameters recorded included sex, side of dysplasia, age at the time of attempted reduction and concomitant complications. The main outcome measure was clinical and radiographic evidence of successful reduction. Early failure of reduction was regarded as loss of concentric reduction requiring an open procedure within a year of CR. CR was performed via a standardised protocol under general anaesthetic, with arthrographic control, adductor tenotomy as required and hip spica application. Post procedure reduction was confirmed with MRI and the spica was maintained for 12 weeks.Purpose of study
Methods
It is well accepted that nerve root tension signs such as straight leg raise (SLR) &
Lasegue’s test are sensitive at diagnosing nerve root impingement secondary to lumbar disc degeneration. In isolation, however, they lack specificity &
have a poor positive predictive value (PPV). This can lead to uncertainty in clinical diagnosis. Our study proves that a structured approach to clinical examination with cumulative nerve root tension signs (RTS) significantly increases the tests’ specificity and PPV, therefore giving clinicians more confidence in their diagnosis.
