Background

The association between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (LDD) and low back pain (LBP) is modest. We have recently shown that genetic propensity to pain is an effect modifier of the LDD-LBP relationship when LDD is defined as a summary score of LDD (LSUM), suggesting the association may be driven by individuals with the greatest genetic predisposition to pain. This study examined the association between individual spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined LDD features and LBP in subgroups defined by genetic predisposition to pain.

Background: Injuries to ankle joint consist 12% of visits to emergency departments. In spite of the common occurrence of ankle sprain, syndesmosis injuries are rare, but very debilitating and frequently misdiagnosed.

Methods: Among 100 patients with ankle sprain we evaluated the incidence of syndesmosis sprain by MRI of the ankle. Adults who had acute ankle sprain with no fracture and examined on the same day that injury had took place were being included in the survey.

Results: Out of 100 patients with ankle injury, four had syndesmosis sprain. Three patients had partial tear of syndesmotic complex and one had complete tear. All injuries occurred in sports except one which had happened in an accident, and two of the patients were athletes. Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament was the most common ruptured ligament.

Conclusions: We reported a four-percent incidence of this injury. Our high rate of this injury emphasized on the fact that all suspicious cases should go under more accurate investigation not to miss this diagnosis.