In a prospective randomised controlled trial, 51 patients who did not receive a bone plug during total knee replacement surgery were compared to 49 patients who received a bone plug. The primary outcome measure was the need for allogenic blood transfusion requirement and the secondary outcome was the post-operative blood loss and decline in haemoglobin levels. The patients had autologous re-transfusion from their closed drainage system. The two groups did not differ in the demographics. The mean intra-operative blood loss was slightly more in the no plug group (difference of 41.25 millilitres), which was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in total post-operative blood loss and drop in haemoglobin levels. Only one patient had two units of allogenic blood transfusion in the no bone plug group while none required allogenic blood in the bone plug group. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of blood re-transfused from the drain between the two groups. Our findings did not show any statistically significant difference in post-operative blood loss, decline in haemoglobin levels and the need for allogenic blood transfusion in total knee replacement surgery.
The Oxford Knee Score is a well validated, commonly used scoring system. Previous studies have suggested that the score is influenced by demographic differences between patients in particular the functional component more than the pain and clinical components. The aim of this study was to further assess this using a large number of patients. The pre, 3 months and 12 months post-surgical Oxford Knee Scores were collected from 1492 patients from five distinct demographic locations undergoing total knee arthroplasty over twelve years under the care of 8 different consultants. A total of 735 patients had complete data sets. The scores were than analysed to test whether age, postcode, sex or consultant in charge had any significant effects on the outcome.Introduction
Methods
The effect of head injury on systemic physiology, including bone healing is still a topic of vivid discussion. We aimed to investigate whether in patients with long bone fractures the presence of head injury is associated with excessive callus formation. Data on patients with head injury and femoral diaphyseal fracture admitted to our trauma unit between 1997- 2002 were collected and analysed. Patients with factors that could influence bone healing such as smoking, NSAIDs and hormonal disorders were excluded. The severity of head injury was quantified using GCS, AIS and CT scan reports. Patients matched for age, sex and ISS with femoral shaft fractures and no head injury formed the control group of the study. All the fractures were stabilised with reamed femoral nail. The quantification of fracture healing response was estimated by taking the radiological ratio of the largest diameter of callus formed into two planes and the adjacent normal diameter of femoral canal. The minimum follow-up of the patients was 12 months. In total 42 patients were studied, 17 with head injury and femoral fracture and 25 with an isolated femoral fracture, (control group). Both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, ISS. The difference between the mean callus to diaphyseal ratio was statistically significant for both the AP and Lateral projections (AP – mean difference 0.462, 95% CI 0.312 to 0.602, p<0.0001, LAT – mean difference 0.289, 95% CI 0.142 to 0.436, p<0.001) with the head injured patients having more florid callus compared to the control group. This study supports the view that head injury leads to exuberant callus formation in patients with long bone fractures. The mechanisms of this response could be both central and local. Research is ongoing to elucidate the pathways involved in this biological phenomenon.
