BMPs, among which BMP-7 or OP-1, unlike several growth factors involved in new bone formation, are the only proteins able to start the whole process. That is BMPs are the only factors with osteoinduction ability.

Contrary to other growth factors, BMPs on the market are drugs.

RhOP-1, carried by collagen type 1, is the first osteo-inductive drug approved in the world for the clinical usage: in long-bone non-unions in US, Australia and Canada and in tibia non-unions, recalcitrant to autograft, in Europe (Osigraft).

We report data related to a retrospective observation on some patients treated in Italy with rhOP-1.

90 patients (66 with long-bone non-union diagnosis, 8 with delayed union, 7 with bone defect /bone cyst and the remaining with other pathologies) are reported, and efficacy results are showed on 60 patients with follow-up > 6 months.

Radiographic analysis shows that rhOP-1 is effective in 86,6% of patients. Unions have been reported in 34,8% at 4–5 months, and in 69,1% at 6–8 months.

Failure: 8/60 (13,4%). No adverse event has been reported.

These data are similar to those reported in literature in randomised and not randomised studies.