Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the results obtained after 2 types of treatment, surgical and conservative, for acute patellar dislocations.

Methods: We divided 33 patients with acute patellar dislocations into 2 groups. One group with 16 patients underwent conservative treatment (immobilization and subsequent physiotherapy), and the other group with 17 patients underwent surgical treatment. A radiographic examination was performed in the evaluation of the patients to verify predisposing factors for patellofemoral instability, and the Kujala questionnaire was applied with the intention of analyzing the improvement of pain and quality of life. The 2 test, t test, and Fisher test were used in the statistical evaluation. A significance level of P.05 was adopted.

Results: The groups were considered parametric in relation to age and sex. The conservative treatment group exhibited a higher number of recurrent dislocations (8 patients) than the surgical treatment group, which did not have any relapses. In addition, the surgical treatment group obtained a better mean score on the Kujala test (92) than the conservative treatment group (69).

Conclusions: We conclude that surgical treatment afforded better results. There were no recurrences in the surgical treatment group, but there were 8 recurrences in the conservative treatment group. The mean Kujala score was 92 in the surgical treatment group and 69 in the conservative treatment group. Level of Evidence: Level II, lesser-quality therapeutic randomized controlled trial. Key Words: Patellofemoral— Dislocation—Recurrences—Medial patellofemoral ligament—Knee.