The aim of this study was to establish consensus statements on the diagnosis, nonoperative management, and indications, if any, for medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) repair in patients with patellar instability, using the modified Delphi approach. A total of 60 surgeons from 11 countries were invited to develop consensus statements based on their expertise in this area. They were assigned to one of seven working groups defined by subtopics of interest within patellar instability. Consensus was defined as achieving between 80% and 89% agreement, strong consensus was defined as between 90% and 99% agreement, and 100% agreement was considered to be unanimous.Aims
Methods
In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), blood loss continues internally after surgery is complete. Typically, the total loss over 48 postoperative hours can be around 1,300 ml, with most occurring within the first 24 hours. We hypothesize that the full potential of tranexamic acid (TXA) to decrease TKA blood loss has not yet been harnessed because it is rarely used beyond the intraoperative period, and is usually withheld from ‘high-risk’ patients with a history of thromboembolic, cardiovascular, or cerebrovascular disease, a patient group who would benefit greatly from a reduced blood loss. TRAC-24 was a prospective, phase IV, single-centre, open label, parallel group, randomized controlled trial on patients undergoing TKA, including those labelled as high-risk. The primary outcome was indirect calculated blood loss (IBL) at 48 hours. Group 1 received 1 g intravenous (IV) TXA at the time of surgery and an additional 24-hour postoperative oral regime of four 1 g doses, while Group 2 only received the intraoperative dose and Group 3 did not receive any TXA.Aims
Methods
Mortality rates reported by the National Joint Registry for England
and Wales (NJR) were higher following cemented total knee replacement
(TKR) compared with uncemented procedures. The aim of this study
is to examine and compare the effects of cemented and uncemented
TKR on the activation of selected markers of inflammation, endothelium,
and coagulation, and on the activation of selected cytokines involved
in the various aspects of the systemic response following surgery. This was a single centre, prospective, case-control study. Following
enrolment, blood samples were taken pre-operatively, and further
samples were collected at day one and day seven post-operatively.
One patient in the cemented group developed a deep-vein thrombosis
confirmed on ultrasonography and was excluded, leaving 19 patients
in this cohort (mean age 67.4, (Objective
Methods
There is conflicting evidence about the merits
of mobile bearings in total knee replacement, partly because most randomised
controlled trials (RCTs) have not been adequately powered. We report
the results of a multicentre RCT of mobile There was no significant difference between the groups pre-operatively:
mean OKS was 17.18 ( In this appropriately powered RCT, over the first five years
after total knee replacement functional outcomes, re-operation rates
and healthcare costs appear to be the same irrespective of whether
a mobile or fixed bearing is used. Cite this article:
To examine the effects of total knee arthroplasty on markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, as surrogate markers for enhanced risk of vascular disease or precipitation of acute vascular events post-operatively. All patients undergoing an elective uncemented total knee arthroplasty at a district general hospital were approached at the pre-assessment clinic. The study was explained and the patients were enrolled into the study following written consent. Venous blood samples were taken pre-operatively, day 1 and day 7 post-operatively. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF??, e-selectin, Von willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and soluble CD40 ligand were analysed. Also, real time analysis of the expression of CD40 and CD14/CD42a aggregates on monocytes was carried out using flow cytometry. Patients were excluded from the study if there were signs of either superficial or deep infection.Aim
Methods
The Unispacer knee system is a cobalt-chrome self-centring tibial hemiarthroplasty device for use in the treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. The indications for use are similar to those for high tibial osteotomy, but insertion does not require bone cuts or component fixation, and does not compromise future knee replacement surgery. A prospective study of a consecutive series of 18 patients treated with the Unispacer between June 2003 and August 2004 was carried out to determine the early clinical results of this device. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (40 to 57). A total of eight patients (44%) required revision within two years. In two patients revision to a larger spacer was required, and in six conversion to either a unicompartmental or total knee replacement was needed. At the most recent review 12 patients (66.7%) had a Unispacer remaining This study demonstrates that use of the Unispacer in isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis is associated with a high rate of revision surgery and provides unpredictable relief of pain.
A series of 100 consecutive osteoarthritic patients was randomised to undergo total knee replacement using a Miller-Galante II prosthesis, with or without a cemented polyethylene patellar component. Knee function was evaluated using the American Knee Society score, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis index, specific patellofemoral-related questions and radiographic evaluation until the fourth post-operative year, then via questionnaire until ten years post-operatively. A ten-point difference in the American Knee Society score between the two groups was considered a significant change in knee performance, with α and β levels of 0.05. The mean age of the patients in the resurfaced group was 71 years (53 to 88) and in the non-resurfaced group was 73 years (54 to 86). After ten years 22 patients had died, seven were suffering from dementia, three declined further participation and ten were lost to follow-up. Two patients in the non-resurfaced group subsequently had their patellae resurfaced. In the resurfaced group one patient had an arthroscopic lateral release. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups: both had a similar deterioration of scores with time, and no further patellofemoral complications were observed in either group. We are unable to recommend routine patellar resurfacing in osteoarthritic patients undergoing total knee replacement on the basis of our findings.
The PROSTALAC functional spacer is made of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement but has a small metal-on-polythene articular surface. We have used it as an interim spacer in two-stage exchange arthroplasty for infected total knee replacement. PROSTALAC allows continuous rehabilitation between stages as it maintains good alignment and stability of the knee and a reasonable range of movement. It also helps to maintain the soft-tissue planes, which facilitates the second-stage procedure. We reviewed 45 consecutive patients, treated over a period of nine years. The mean follow-up was for 48 months (20 to 112). At final review, there was no evidence of infection in 41 patients (91%); only one had a recurrent infection with the same organism. There was improvement in the Hospital for Special Surgery knee score between stages and at final review. The range of movement was maintained between stages. Complications were primarily related to the extensor mechanism and stability of the knee between stages. Both of these problems decreased with refinement of the design of the implant. The rate of cure of the infection in our patients was similar to that using other methods. Movement of the knee does not appear to hinder control of infection.
