Primary bone tumors are rare, complex and highly heterogeneous. Its diagnostic and treatment are a challenge for the multidisciplinary team. Developments on tumor biomarkers, immunohistochemistry, histology, molecular, bioinformatics, and
Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a fibroproliferative soft tissue disease affecting the palmar fascia of the hand causing permanent and irreversible flexion contracture. Aberrant fibrosis is likely to manifest through a combination of extrinsic, intrinsic, and environmental factors, including
Abstract. Objectives. Despite overwhelming need, with about 9 million osteoarthritis (OA) sufferers in UK alone, little progress has been made towards pathogenesis-based categorising of patients and subsequent intervention. Experimental studies relied heavily on animal models, which is inefficient and expensive, and has often produced drugs failing in phase I/II clinical trials due to off-target side effects or failure to predict human disease in animal models. This project aims to address this challenge by developing a scalable in vitro human organotypic tissue model. The model can be used to simulate OA processes and ultimately, exploited to seek biomarkers for early diagnosis or screen potential drugs for efficacy. Methods. We have previously shown that a stratified 3D-tissue akin of articular cartilage can be generated over a 35-day period using a tissue engineering approach with primary human chondrocyte progenitor cells. The engineered tissue mimics native cartilage both in structural organization and biochemical composition. Here, we explore the influence of the nature and homogeneity of initial cell population on cartilage development and maturation. Results. Cell commitment to chondrogenic lineage was found to be a pre-requisite for induction of appropriate appositional growth and stratification of cartilage. Fully differentiated chondrocytes failed to produce a zonated, cartilage-like matrix. Immortalized clonal cell lines were generated, and these were capable of reproducing an appropriate tissue architecture, showing that tissue formation depends on a single progenitor. Conclusion. These findings not only enable generation of human tissue at scale in a highly controlled way, but open up the possibility to consider developmental positional information or
The presentation of musculoskeletal disease differs in men and women, and recognition of the differences between men and women's burden of disease and response to treatment is critical to optimizing care. In this presentation, I will discuss the expanding evidence in the literature that examine the role of sex and gender in musculoskeletal disease, including how its examination increases the innovations and contributions, as well as expands the knowledge about musculoskeletal disease, conditions, and injury in a broad sense. We will discuss the role that structural anatomy differences, hormones, and
Background. The cartilaginous growth plate (GP) is a zonal structure, in which chondrocytes are organized into columns and drive the longitudinal elongation of the endochondral bones. In the proliferative zone (PZ), cells exhibit high mitotic activity, are flattened and oriented along the mediolateral (ML) axis of the GP. Mitotic figures in the elongated chondrocytes lie perpendicular to the proximo-distal (PD) direction of growth, while cell divisions occur parallel to the columns followed by a gliding movement of the daughter cells. The mechanisms responsible for the geometrical anisotropy and columnar arrangement of PZ chondrocytes are poorly understood. Here, we assessed the function of the adhesive receptor β1 integrins on spindle and division geometry in chondrocytes using mouse
Systemic concentrations of metal ions (cobalt and chromium) are persistently elevated in patients with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MOMHR) compared to conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA). Several studies by us and others have described the detrimental effects of metal exposure on survival and function of various cell types in-vitro, but the mechanisms for these effects remain unclear. Epigenetic modifications following chronic metal exposure is a possible mechanism that could mediate these effects. Here we test the methylation status in genomic DNA from MOMHR (“cases”) and THA (“controls”) patient-groups, and its correlation with circulating metal levels. The cohort consisted of 34 patients with a well-functioning MOMHR at a median follow-up of 9.75 years. These were individually matched for gender, age and time-since-surgery to a non-exposure group consisting of patients with THA. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples and cell composition estimated using the ‘estimateCellCounts’ function in ‘minfi R-package’. Methylation was assessed using the Illumina 450k BeadChip array analysing 426,225 probes. Logit model was fitted at each probe with case/control status as independent variable and covariates of gender, age, time-since-surgery, smoking, non-arthroplasty metal exposure, and cell composition. DNA methylation age was assessed using an online calculator (. https://dnamage.
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a promising strategy for orthopaedic applications, particularly in bone repair. Human ADMSCs were cultured in medium supplemented with HPL, Hplasma and a combination of HPL and Hplasma (HPL+Hplasma). Characteristics of these ADMSCs, including osteogenesis, were evaluated in comparison with those cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS).Objectives
Methods
All-suture anchors are increasingly used in rotator cuff repair procedures. Potential benefits include decreased bone damage. However, there is limited published evidence for the relative strength of fixation for all-suture anchors compared with traditional anchors. A total of four commercially available all-suture anchors, the ‘Y-Knot’ (ConMed), Q-FIX (Smith & Nephew), ICONIX (Stryker) and JuggerKnot (Zimmer Biomet) and a traditional anchor control TWINFIX Ultra PK Suture Anchor (Smith & Nephew) were tested in cadaveric human humeral head rotator cuff repair models (n = 24). This construct underwent cyclic loading applied by a mechanical testing rig (Zwick/Roell). Ultimate load to failure, gap formation at 50, 100, 150 and 200 cycles, and failure mechanism were recorded. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Objectives
Materials and Methods
Cite this article: A. A. Abubakar, M. M. Noordin, T. I. Azmi, U. Kaka, M. Y. Loqman. The use of rats and mice as animal models in
We stably transfected early passage chondrocytes with an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene We conclude that NO-induced chondrocyte death involves a mechanism which appears to be subject to regulation by an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene. Therefore, Bcl-2 gene therapy may prove to be of therapeutic value in protecting human articular chondrocytes.