Dislocation post THA confers a higher risk of re-dislocation (Kotwal et al, 2009). The dual mobility (DM) cup design (1974) was aimed at improving the stability by increasing the femoral head to neck ratio (Cuthbert et al., 2019) combining the ideas of low friction arthroplasty with increased jump distance associated with a big head arthroplasty. Understand the dislocation rates, rates of aseptic loosening, infection rate and revision rates between the 2 types of constructs to provide current and up-to date evidence. Medline, pubmed, embase and Cochrane databases were used based on PRISMA guidelines. RevMan software was used for the meta-analysis. Studies (English literature) which used DM construct with atleast 6 months follow-up used as intervention and non DM construct as control were included. 2 independent reviewers conducted the review with a third reviewer in case of difference in opinion regarding eligibility. Primary outcome was dislocation rate and secondary outcome was rate of revision. 564 articles identified out of which 44 articles were screened for full texts and eventually 4 systematic review articles found eligible for the study. Thus, study became a review of systematic reviews. From the 4 systematic reviews, another 35 studies were identified for data extraction and 13 papers were used for meta-analysis. Systematic reviews evaluated, projected an average follow up of 6-8 years with significantly lower dislocation rates for DM cups. The total number of patients undergoing DM cup primary THA were 30,559 with an average age 71 years while the control group consisted of 218,834 patients with an average age of 69 years. DM group had lower rate of dislocation (p < 0.00001), total lower rate of cup revision (p < 0.00001, higher incidence of fracture (p>0.05). DM THA is a viable alternative for conventional THA. The long-term results of DM cups in primary THA need to be further evaluated using high quality prospective studies and RCTs

Abstract. Introduction. Dislocation post THA confers a higher risk of re-dislocation (Kotwal et al, 2009). The dual mobility (DM) cup design (1974) was aimed at improving the stability by increasing the femoral head to neck ratio (Cuthbert et al., 2019) combining the ideas of low friction arthroplasty with increased jump distance associated with a big head arthroplasty. Aims. Understand the dislocation rates, rates of aseptic loosening, infection rate and revision rates between the 2 types of constructs to provide current and up-to date evidence. Methods. Medline, pubmed, embase and Cochrane databases were used based on PRISMA guidelines. RevMan software was used for the meta-analysis. Studies (English literature) which used DM construct with atleast 6 months follow-up used as intervention and non DM construct as control were included. 2 independent reviewers conducted the review with a third reviewer in case of difference in opinion regarding eligibility. Primary outcome was dislocation rate and secondary outcome was rate of revision. Results. 564 articles identified out of which 44 articles were screened for full texts and eventually 4 systematic review articles found eligible for the study. Thus, study became a review of systematic reviews. From the 4 systematic reviews, another 35 studies were identified for data extraction and 13 papers were used for meta-analysis. Systematic reviews evaluated, projected an average follow up of 6–8 years with significantly lower dislocation rates for DM cups. The total number of patients undergoing DM cup primary THA were 30,559 with an average age 71 years while the control group consisted of 218,834 patients with an average age of 69 years. DM group had lower rate of dislocation (p < 0.00001), total lower rate of cup revision (p < 0.00001, higher incidence of fracture (p>0.05). Conclusion. DM THA is a viable alternative for conventional THA. The long-term results of DM cups in primary THA need to be further evaluated using high quality prospective studies and RCTs. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Introduction and Objective. Dislocation of a hip hemiarthroplasty is a significant complication with a high mortality rate in elderly patients. Previous studies have shown a higher risk of dislocation in patients with neuromuscular conditions. In this study, we reviewed our larger cohort of patients to identify if there is a link between neuromuscular disorders and dislocation of hip hemiarthroplasty in patients with neuromuscular conditions. Materials and Methods. We have retrospectively analysed a single-centre data that was collected over 34 years for patients with intracapsular neck of femur fracture who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty. The study population was composed of four groups: patients with no neuromuscular disorders, patients with Parkinson's disease, patients with previous stroke, and patients with mental impairment. Results. A total of 3827 patients were included in the analysis. 3371 patients had no neuromuscular condition (Group I) with a dislocation rate of 1.1%. 219 patients had Parkinsonism (Group II) with a dislocation rate of 3.2%, 104 patients had a previous stroke with weakness on the fracture side with a dislocation rate of 1.0% (Group III), and 984 patients had severe mental impairment with a dislocation rate of 1.8% (Group IV). The increased dislocation rate for those with Parkinson's disease was statistically significant (p=0.02) while none of the other neuromuscular conditions were statistically significant. Conclusions. Our study has shown an increased risk of dislocation of hemiarthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease in comparison to other groups. No increase was apparent for patients with mental impairment or weakness from a previous stroke

Abstract. Background. The Oxford Domed Lateral (ODL) Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (UKR) has some advantages over other lateral UKRs, but the mobile bearing dislocation rate is high (1–6%). Medial dislocations, with the bearing lodged on the tibial component wall, are most common. Anterior/posterior dislocations are rare. For a dislocation to occur distraction of the joint is required. We have developed and validated a dislocation analysis tool based on a computer model of the ODL with a robotics path-planning algorithm to determine the Vertical Distraction required for a Dislocation (VDD), which is inversely related to the risk of dislocation. Objectives. To modify the ODL design so the risk of medial dislocation decreases to that of an anterior/posterior dislocation. Methods. The components were modified using Solidworks. For each modification the dislocation analysis tool was used to determine the VDD for medial dislocation (with bearing 0–6mm from the tibial wall). This was compared with the original implant to identify the modifications that were most effective at reducing the dislocation risk. These modifications were combined into a final design, which was assessed. Results. Modifying the tibial component plateau, changing the femoral component width and making the bearing wider medially had little effect on VDD. Shifting the femoral sphere centre medially decreased VDD. Shifting the femoral sphere laterally, increasing tibial wall height and increasing bearing width laterally increased VDD. A modified implant with a femoral sphere centre 3mm lateral, wall 2.8mm higher, and bearing 2mm wider laterally, implanted so the bearing is ≤4mm from the tibial wall with a bearing thickness ≥4mm had a minimum VDD for medial dislocation of 5.75mm, which is larger than the minimum VDD for anterior/posterior dislocation of 5.5mm. Conclusions. A modified ODL design should decrease the dislocation rate to an acceptable level, however, further testing in cadavers is required. Declaration of Interest. (a) fully declare any financial or other potential conflict of interest

Abstract. Objectives. Hip instability following total hip arthroplasty in treatment of intracapsular neck of femur fractures is reported at 8–11%. Utilising the principle of a small articulation to minimize the problems of wear coupled with a large articulation, dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty prostheses stabilise the hip further than conventional fixed-bearing designs. The aim of this study is to compare the rate of dislocation and complication between standard fixed-bearing and dual-mobility prostheses for the treatment of intracapsular neck of femur fractures. Methods. A four-year retrospective review in a large district general hospital was completed. All cases of intracapsular neck of femur fractures treated with total hip arthroplasty were identified through the theatre logbooks. Patient's operative and clinical notes were retrospectively reviewed to collect data. Results. A total of 91 patients underwent total hip arthroplasty for intracapsular neck of femur fracture in the four-year period. 61.5% were dual-mobility design versus 28.5% had fixed-bearing implants. There were no statistical differences between patient group characteristics. Choice of implant was dependent on surgeon preference. There was a 0.0% dislocation rate in the dual-mobility group versus 8.6% in the fixed-bearing prosthesis group. All dislocations occurred in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty with 36.0mm fixed-bearing prosthesis via posterior surgical approach. There was no statistical difference in mortality between both groups. Conclusion. There was an increasing trend of towards the use of dual-mobility prosthesis for fractured neck of femur within this department with excellent outcomes. Dual-mobility designs provide reduced dislocation rates in total hip arthroplasty in intracapsular neck of femur fractures compared to standard fixed-bearing designs at this institution. The authors recommend that all orthopaedic staff consider the use of dual-mobility prostheses in suitable patients and ensure trainees are suitably trained in use of dual-mobility designs. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Introduction. The stability of the elbow joint following an acute elbow dislocation is dependent on associated injuries. The ability to identify these concomitant injuries correctly directs management and improves the chances of a successful outcome. Interpretation of plain radiographs in the presence of either a dislocation or post-reduction films with plaster in-situ is difficult. This study aimed to assess the ability of orthopaedic registrars to accurately identify associated bony injuries on initial plain radiographs using CT as the gold standard for comparison. Methods. Patients over the age of 16 years undergoing an elbow CT scan within one week of a documented elbow dislocation between 1st June 2010 and 1st June 2014 were included in the study. Three orthopaedic registrars independently reviewed both the initial dislocation and immediate post reduction plain radiographs to identify any associated bony injuries. This radiograph review was repeated by each registrar after two weeks. The incidence of associated injuries as well as the inter- and intra-observer variability was calculated. Results. 28 patients were included in the study. 54% of the patients were female and the mean age was 45 years (range 16 to 90 years). The incidence of a radial head fracture was 54%, coronoid fracture 43% and epicondyle avulsion 18% on CT. The inter-observer reliability was only shown to be fair amongst registrars and the intra-observer variability moderate. Conclusions. Computerised tomography is a useful adjunct in the assessment of associated osseous injuries following an elbow dislocation due to the presence of a high number of injuries. Plain radiographs alone have been shown to have only a fair and moderate inter and intra-observer variability respectively, therefore a low threshold to obtain further 3D imaging should be practised. Level of Evidence. IV

Introduction. The results of the original mobile bearing Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) in the lateral compartment have been disappointing because of high dislocation rates (11%). This original implant used a flat bearing articulation on the tibial tray. To address the issue of dislocation a new implant (domed tibia with biconcave bearing to increase entrapment) was introduced with a modified surgical technique. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of dislocation between a domed and flat lateral UKR. Methods. Separate geometric computer models of an Oxford mobile bearing lateral UKR were generated for the two types of articulation between the tibial component and the meniscal bearing: Flat-on-flat (flat) and Concave-on-convex (domed). Each type of mobile bearing was used to investigate three distinct dislocation modes observed clinically: lateral to medial dislocation, with the bearing resting on the tray wall (L-M-Wall); medial to lateral dislocation, out of the joint space (M-L); anterior to posterior dislocation, out of the joint space (A-P). A size C tray and a medium femoral component and bearing were used in all models. The femoral component, tibial tray and bearing were first aligned in a neutral position. For each dislocation the tibial tray was restrained in all degrees of freedom. The femoral component was restrained from moving in the anterior-posterior directions and in the medial-lateral directions. The femoral component was also restrained from rotating about the anterior-posterior, medial-lateral and superior-inferior directions. This meant that the femoral component was only able to move in the superior-inferior direction. Different bearing sizes were inserted into the model and the effect that moving the femoral component medially and laterally had on the amount of distraction required to cause bearing dislocation was investigated. Results. The average femur distraction to allow bearing dislocation in the A-P, M-L and L-M-wall directions was 1.62 mm (27%), 0.51 mm (26%) and 1.2 mm (24%) greater respectively for the domed bearing. There was a 3% increase in femoral distraction required to cause L-M-Wall dislocation, per increment of bearing thickness for both the domed and lateral bearings. There was on average a 7% increase in femoral distraction required to cause L-M-Wall dislocation per mm increment of medial femoral component movement. Discussion. Dislocation over the tray wall is a particular clinical problem and using a domed bearing can lead to an increased required femoral distraction of between 25% and 37%. This may be significant during everyday activities and demonstrates that the new domed design should reduce the incidence of bearing dislocation by increasing the amount of entrapment. Increasing the thickness of the bearing has a small effect on the distraction required to allow bearing dislocation. Lateral placement of the femoral component markedly reduced the femoral distraction required for bearing dislocation over the tray wall. Medial placement of the femoral component is advisable so long as impingement with the tray wall is avoided

Aims. Isolated greater tuberosity fractures make up 17–21% of proximal humeral fractures, 30% are associated with shoulder dislocation. Conservative management of minimally displaced fractures (<5 mm) is recommended. There are few guides to which and how many fractures displace over time. Methods. A retrospective analysis of isolated greater tuberosity fractures presenting to a shoulder fracture clinic over 1 year was performed. Patients were identified from shoulder fracture clinic lists and a bluespier database. Radiological fracture displacement was measured from the edge of the defect in the humeral head to the closest edge of the greater tuberosity. All measurements were performed by three oberservers on two occasions. Data was analysed to study the relationship between initial displacement and fracture stability and between concurrent dislocation and fracture stability. Inter-observer analysis was performed. Results. 64 (m:32; f:32; mean age 53) patients were identified. 37 were displaced 0–5 mm at presentation, 18 were displaced 5–10 mm, 9 were displaced >10 mm. Of those displaced less than 5 mm on presentation, 22% (n8) further displaced to greater than 5 mm and 5% (n2) to >10 mm at follow-up. Of those displaced 5–10 mm on presentation, 17% (n3) displaced to >10 mm. 42% (n27) of fractures were associated with dislocation; they had greater displacement at presentation. In the 0–5 mm displacement group that displaced >5 mm, 88% (n7) had concurrent dislocation. Inter-observer analysis of the x-ray measurement showed moderate agreement (0.684). Conclusion. Isolated greater tuberosity fractures displaced less than 5 mm at presentation and that are not associated with dislocation are stable. Concurrent dislocation is associated with both greater fracture displacement at presentation and ongoing fracture instability

We used laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with a high energy (20 mW) laser to measure perfusion of the femoral head intraoperatively in 32 hips. The surgical procedure was joint debridement requiring dislocation or subluxation of the hip. The laser probe was placed within the anterosuperior quadrant of the femoral head. Blood flow was monitored in specific positions of the hip before and after dislocation or subluxation. With the femoral head reduced, external rotation, both in extension and flexion, caused a reduction of blood flow. During subluxation or dislocation, it was impaired when the posterosuperior femoral neck was allowed to rest on the posterior acetabular rim. A pulsatile signal returned when the hip was reduced, or was taken out of extreme positions when dislocated. After the final reduction, the signal amplitudes were first slightly lower (12%) compared with the initial value but tended to be restored to the initial levels within 30 minutes. Most of the changes in the signal can be explained by compromise of the extraosseous branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery and are reversible. Our study shows that LDF provides proof for the clinical observation that perfusion of the femoral head is maintained after dislocation if specific surgical precautions are followed

We present a case of a 14 year old who sustained an isolated injury to her foot while horse riding. X-rays demonstrated a medial and plantar dislocation at the level of the talo-navicular and calcaneo-cuboid joint, with associated fractures of the cuboid and navicular. This was treated initially with open reduction and fixation with kirschner wires as the injury was grossly unstable and reduction difficult to maintain with casting alone. CT scan was then performed prior which confirmed satisfactory reduction of the dislocation and fixation with the k wires so these were left in situ and the navicular fracture reduced and fixed with a barouk screw. The Chopart joint was first described by French surgeon Francois Chopart as the talo-navicular and calcaneo-cuboid joints were a practical level for amputation. Injury here is a rare but missed in 40% at presentation. Pure dislocation occurs in 10–25% with most having concomitant fractures. The Chopart joint has critical role in balance and stability in normal gait. Early recognition allows prompt reduction and fixation of these injuries which has been associated with a better outcome. However these are severe injuries and patients should be counselled on potential long term functional impairment even with optimal management

Reported rates of dislocation in hip hemiarthroplasty (HA) for the treatment of intra-capsular fractures of the hip, range between 1% and 10%. HA is frequently performed through a direct lateral surgical approach. The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of the anterior capsule to the stability of a cemented HA through a direct lateral approach. . A total of five whole-body cadavers were thawed at room temperature, providing ten hip joints for investigation. A Thompson HA was cemented in place via a direct lateral approach. The cadavers were then positioned supine, both knee joints were disarticulated and a digital torque wrench was attached to the femur using a circular frame with three half pins. The wrench applied an external rotation force with the hip in extension to allow the hip to dislocate anteriorly. Each hip was dislocated twice; once with a capsular repair and once without repairing the capsule. Stratified sampling ensured the order in which this was performed was alternated for the paired hips on each cadaver. . Comparing peak torque force in hips with the capsule repaired and peak torque force in hips without repair of the capsule, revealed a significant difference between the ‘capsule repaired’ (mean 22.96 Nm, standard deviation (. sd. ) 4.61) and the ‘capsule not repaired’ group (mean 5.6 Nm, . sd. 2.81) (p < 0.001). Capsular repair may help reduce the risk of hip dislocation following HA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:141–4

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is the result of abnormal contact/impingement of the femoral head-neck junction and acetabulum during motion. This can be corrected by surgical dislocation (using Ganz's trochanteric osteotomy) and femoral osteochondroplasty +/− acetabular rim resection. Our study aimed to assess the improvement in hip scores following open osteochondroplasty to predict outcomes based on patient characteristics. This was a retrospective case note analysis of a single surgeon case series over a 4 year period. Inclusion criteria were open osteochondroplasty, complete pre- and post-op hip scores available), Tonnis osteoarthritis grade 0 or 1, with 1 year followup. Data was extracted from electronic and paper case notes for pre- and post-op Modified Harris Hip Scores (MHHS), Non-arthritis Hip Scores (NAHS) and SF-12 general satisfaction scores, as well as baseline patient demographics. Two independent observers used the PACS radiology system to examine x-rays and MRI. SPSS version 19 was used for statistical analysis. 42 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was an overall improvement in hip scores after the procedure. Mean pre-op scores were MHHS 52.5, NAHS 44.0, SF-12 32.1. Mean post-op scores were MHHS 66.1, NAHS 58.7, SF-12 36.4. Therefore mean improvements were seen in MHHS (13.6), NAHS (14.7) and SF-12 (4.3), all significant at p<0.005 when paired t-test was used for analysis. Pearson correlation for subgroup analysis showed no significant correlation of scores with age, centre-edge angle or alpha angles. Furthermore, no significant difference was seen between males and females (independent t test). Open osteochondroplasty improves symptoms and function based on patient reported outcome measures. Although the mean scores improved, some patients’ scores deteriorated. We have not identified any statistically significant predictors of outcome, and therefore patient selection remains unclear

Abstract. Background. 1. 63,284 patients presented with neck of femur fractures in England in 2020 (NHFD report 2021)2. To maximise theatre efficiency during the first wave of COVID-19, NHSE guidance recommended the use of HA for most patients requiring arthroplasty.3. The literature reports an incidence of Hemiarthroplasty dislocations of 1–15%. Aims. 1. To study the number and possible causes of dislocations in patients with Primary hemiarthroplasty for fracture neck of femur2. To compare our data with national and international data in terms of dislocation and revision rates for Hemiarthroplasty. Methods. Retrospective study Duration- 1st April 2021–31st March 20223. Inclusion criteria- Patients with neck of femur fracture treated with Hemiarthroplasty. Exclusion criteria- Patients treated with other surgical options for neck of femur fractures. Results. 1. No. of neck of femur patients- 4442. No. of patients treated with Hemiarthroplasty- 2143. No. of dislocations- 44. 75% were female, 75% had AMTS>7, 50% were operated within 36 hours of trauma, 75% dislocated within a month of surgery, 75% of the dislocations were revised. 5. One dislocation was due to >72 hour delay to surgery, second dislocation was due to smaller offset and shortening, third was due to acetabular dysplasia, fourth was due to larger head used. Discussion-1. Our 1.86% dislocation rate matches that in the literature of 1–6%2. 75% dislocated within a month of surgery matches that in the literature that maximum dislocations occur within one month. 3. Closed reduction as definitive method of management of dislocation 25% matches that in the literature of 22–25%4. 75% dislocations revised similar to literature of 75–80% revision rate. Conclusion. Pre-operative templating can reduce surgical error involving limb length discrepancy and shortening to prevent dislocations. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Glenohumeral joint injuries frequently result in shoulder instability. However, the biomechanical effect of cartilage loss on shoulder stability remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate biomechanically the effect of two severity stages of cartilage loss in different dislocation directions on shoulder stability. Joint dislocation was provoked for 11 human cadaveric glenoids in seven different dislocation directions between 3 o'clock (anterior) to 9 o'clock (posterior) dislocation. Shoulder stability ratio (SSR) and concavity gradient were assessed in intact condition, and after 3 mm and 6 mm simulated cartilage loss. The influence of cartilage loss on SSR and concavity gradient was statistically evaluated. Between intact state and 6 mm cartilage loss, both SSR and concavity gradient decreased significantly in every dislocation direction (p≤0.038), except the concavity gradient in 4 o'clock dislocation direction (p=0.088). Thereby, anterior-inferior dislocation directions were associated with the highest loss of SSR and concavity gradient of up to 59.0% and 49.4%, respectively, being significantly higher for SSR compared to all other dislocation directions (p≤0.04). The correlations between concavity gradient and SSR for pooled dislocation directions were significant for all three conditions of cartilage loss (p<0.001). From a biomechanical perspective, articular cartilage of the glenoid contributes significantly to the concavity gradient, correlating strongly with the associated loss in glenohumeral joint stability. The highest effect of cartilage loss was observed in anterior-inferior dislocation directions, suggesting that surgical intervention should be considered for recurrent shoulder dislocations in the presence of cartilage loss

Abstract. Objectives. Total hip replacement (THR) is one of the most successful and cost-effective interventions in orthopaedic surgery. Dislocation is a debilitating complication of THR and managing an unstable THR constitutes a significant clinical challenge. Stability in THR is multifactorial and is influenced by surgical, patient and implant related factors. It is established that larger diameter femoral heads have a wider impingement-free range of movement and an increase in jump distance, both of which are relevant in reducing the risk of dislocation. However, they can generate higher frictional torque which has led to concerns related to increased wear and loosening. Furthermore, the potential for taper corrosion or trunnionosis is also a potential concern with larger femoral heads, particularly those made from cobalt-chrome. These concerns have meant there is hesitancy among surgeons to use larger sized heads. This study presents the comparison of clinical outcomes for different head sizes (28mm, 32mm and 36mm) in primary THR for 10,104 hips in a single centre. Methods. A retrospective study of all consecutive patients who underwent primary THR at our institution between 1st April 2003 and 31st Dec 2019 was undertaken. Institutional approval for this study was obtained. Demographic and surgical data were collected. The primary outcome measures were all-cause revision, revision for dislocation, and all-cause revision excluding dislocation. Continuous descriptive statistics used means, median values, ranges, and 95% confidence intervals where appropriate. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate time to revision. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to compare revision rates between the femoral head size groups. Adjustments were made for age at surgery, gender, primary diagnosis, ASA score, articulation type, and fixation method. Results. 10,104 primary THRs were included; median age 68.6 years with 61.5% females. A posterior approach was performed in 71.6%. There were 3,295 hips with 28 mm heads (32.6%), 4,858 (48.1%) with 32 mm heads and 1,951 (19.3%) with 36 mm heads. Overall rate of revision was 1.7% with the lowest rate recorded for the 36mm group (2.7% vs. 1.3% vs. 1.1%). Cox regression analysis showed a decreased risk of all-cause revision for 32mm & 36mm head sizes as compared to 28mm; this was statistically significant for the 32mm group (p = 0.01). Risk of revision for dislocation was significantly reduced in both 32mm (p = 0.03) and 36mm (p = 0.03) head sizes. Analysis of all cause revision excluding dislocation showed no significant differences between head sizes. Conclusion. There was a significantly reduced risk of revision for all causes, but particularly revision for dislocation with larger head sizes (36mm & 32mm vs. 28mm). Concerns regarding increased risk of early revision for aseptic loosening, polyethylene wear or taper corrosion with larger heads appear to be unfounded in this cohort of 10,104 patients with a mean of 6.0-year follow-up. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Abstract. Introduction. Component mal-positioning in total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) can increase the risk of revision for various reasons. Compared to conventional surgery, relatively improved accuracy of implant positioning can be achieved using computer assisted technologies including navigation, patient-specific jigs, and robotic systems. However, it is not known whether application of these technologies has improved prosthesis survival in the real-world. This study aimed to compare risk of revision for all-causes following primary THR and TKR, and revision for dislocation following primary THR performed using computer assisted technologies compared to conventional technique. Methods. We performed an observational study using National Joint Registry data. All adult patients undergoing primary THR and TKR for osteoarthritis between 01/04/2003 to 31/12/2020 were eligible. Patients who received metal-on-metal bearing THR were excluded. We generated propensity score weights, using Sturmer weight trimming, based on: age, gender, ASA grade, side, operation funding, year of surgery, approach, and fixation. Specific additional variables included position and bearing for THR and patellar resurfacing for TKR. For THR, effective sample sizes and duration of follow up for conventional versus computer-guided and robotic-assisted analyses were 9,379 and 10,600 procedures, and approximately 18 and 4 years, respectively. For TKR, effective sample sizes and durations of follow up for conventional versus computer-guided, patient-specific jigs, and robotic-assisted groups were 92,579 procedures over 18 years, 11,665 procedures over 8 years, and 644 procedures over 3 years, respectively. Outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and expressed using hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. For THR, analysis comparing computer-guided versus conventional technique demonstrated HR of 0.771 (95%CI 0.573–1.036) p=0.085, and 0.594 (95%CI 0.297–1.190) p=0.142, for revision for all-causes and dislocation, respectively. When comparing robotic-assisted versus conventional technique, HR for revision for all-causes was 0.480 (95%CI 0.067 –3.452) p=0.466. For TKR, compared to conventional surgery, HR for all-cause revision for procedures performed using computer guidance and patient-specific jigs were 0.967 (95% CI 0.888–1.052) p=0.430, and 0.937 (95% CI 0.708–1.241) p=0.65, respectively. HR for analysis comparing robotic-assisted versus conventional technique was 2.0940 (0.2423, 18.0995) p = 0.50. Conclusions. This is the largest study investigating this topic utilising propensity score analysis methods. We did not find a statistically significant difference in revision for all-causes and dislocation although these analyses are underpowered to detect smaller differences in effect size between groups. Additional comparison for revision for dislocation between robotic-assisted versus conventionally performed THR was not performed as this is a subset of revision for all-causes and wide confidence intervals were already observed for that analysis. It is also important to mention this NJR analysis study is of an observational study design which has inherent limitations. Nonetheless, this is the most feasible study design to answer this research question requiring use of a large data set due to revision being a rare outcome. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Introduction. Anterior shoulder instability results in labral and osseous glenoid injuries. With a large osseous defect, there is a risk of recurrent dislocation of the joint, and therefore the patient must undergo surgical correction. An MRI evaluation of the patient helps to assess the soft tissue injury. Currently, the volumetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed CT image is the standard for measuring glenoid bone loss and the glenoid index. However, it has the disadvantage of exposing the patient to radiation and additional expenses. This study aims to compare the values of the glenoid index using MRI and CT. Method. The present study was a two-year cross-sectional study of patients with shoulder pain, trauma, and dislocation in a tertiary hospital in Karnataka. The sagittal proton density (PD) section of the glenoid and enface 3D reconstructed images of the scapula were used to calculate glenoid bone loss and the glenoid index. The baseline data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the Chi-square test was used to test the association of various complications with selected variables of interest. Result. The glenoid index calculated in the current study using 3D volumetric CT images and MR sagittal PD images was 0.95±0.01 and 0.95±0.01, respectively. The CT and MRI glenoid bone loss was 5.41±0.65% and 5.38±0.65%, respectively. When compared, the glenoid index and bone loss calculated by MRI and CT revealed a high correlation and significance with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusions. The study concluded that MRI is a reliable method for glenoid measurement. The sagittal PD sequence combined with an enface glenoid makes it possible to identify osseous defects linked to glenohumeral joint damage and dislocation. The values derived from 3D CT are identical to the glenoid index and bone loss determined using the sagittal PD sequence in MRI

Abstract. Introduction. In general the life expectancy of population is improving. This is causing to increase case load of peri-prosthesis fractures after joint replacements. We present our results of peri-prosthesis fracture around hip managed by revision arthroplasty. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 24 consecutive patients of periprosthetic hip fracture treated with a revision arthroplasty at Major Trauma Centre between February 2021 and January 2022. Results. 12 male and 12 female patients, average age 78 years. 3 fractures around BHR prosthesis, 2 type A, 15 type B and 3 of type C (Vancouver). The surgery was done in an average 6 days after injury (range 1–14). 6 patients died in follow up, 1 patient contracted infection, 2 developed LLD and 1 patient had multiple dislocations. 6 patients had revision using endo-prosthesis. Advanced age with peri-prosthesis fracture has increased risk of mortality (average age 84.5 years). Conclusion. Endo-prosthesis replacement had higher risk of dislocation, infection and mortality. Overall patients do well after a revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic hip fracture. Declaration of Interest. (b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project

Dual mobility (DM) total hip replacements (THRs) were introduced to reduce dislocation risk, which is the most common cause of early revision. Although DM THRs have shown good overall survivorship and low dislocation rates, the mechanisms which describe how these bearings function in-vivo are not fully understood. Therefore, the study aim was to comprehensively assess retrieved DM polyethylene liners for signs of damage using visual inspection and semi-quantitative geometric assessment methods. Retrieved DM liners (n=18) were visually inspected for the presence of surface damage, whereby the internal and external surfaces were independently assigned a score of one (present) or zero (not present) for seven damage modes. The severity of damage was not assessed. The material composition of embedded debris was characterised using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). Additionally, each liner was geometrically assessed for signs of wear/deformation [1]. Scratching and pitting were the most common damage modes on either surface. Additionally, burnishing was observed on 50% of the internal surfaces and embedded debris was identified on 67% of the external surfaces. EDX analysis of the debris identified several materials including titanium, cobalt-chrome, iron, and tantalum. Geometric analysis demonstrated highly variable damage patterns across the liners. The incidence of burnishing was three times greater for the internal surfaces, suggesting that this acts as the primary articulation site. The external surfaces sustained more observable damage as evidenced by a higher incidence of embedded debris, abrasion, delamination, and deformation. In conjunction with the highly variable damage patterns observed, these results suggest that DM kinematics are complex and may be influenced by several factors (e.g., soft tissue fibrosis, patient activities) and thus further investigation is warranted

Osteochondral glenoid loss is associated with recurrent shoulder instability. The critical threshold for surgical stabilization is multidimensional and conclusively unknown. The aim of this work was to provide a well- measurable surrogate parameter of an unstable shoulder joint for the frequent anterior-inferior dislocation direction. The shoulder stability ratio (SSR) of 10 paired human cadaveric glenoids was determined in anterior-inferior dislocation direction. Osteochondral defects were simulated by gradually removing osteochondral structures in 5%-stages up to 20% of the intact diameter. The glenoid morphological parameters glenoid depth, concavity gradient, and defect radius were measured at each stage by means of optical motion tracking. Based on these parameters, the osteochondral stability ratio (OSSR) was calculated. Correlation analyses between SSR and all morphological parameters, as well as OSSR were performed. The loss of SSR, concavity gradient, depth and OSSR with increasing defect size was significant (all p<0.001). The loss of SSR strongly correlated with the losses of concavity gradient (PCC = 0.918), of depth (PCC = 0.899), and of OSSR (PCC = 0.949). In contrast, the percentage loss based on intact diameter (defect size) correlated weaker with SSR (PCC=0.687). Small osteochondral defects (≤10%) led to significantly higher SSR decrease in small glenoids (diameter <25mm) compared to large (≥ 25mm) ones (p ≤ 0.009). From a biomechanical perspective, the losses of concavity gradient, glenoid depth and OSSR correlate strong with the loss of SSR. Therefore, especially the loss of glenoidal depth may be considered as a valid and reliable alternative parameter to describe shoulder instability. Furthermore, smaller glenoids are more vulnerable to become unstable in case of small osteochondral loosening. On the other hand, the standardly used percentage defect size based on intact diameter correlates weaker with the magnitude of instability and may therefore not be a valid parameter for judgement of shoulder instability