Aims. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of surgical repair to conservative treatment and subacromial decompression for the treatment of chronic/degenerative tears of the rotator cuff. Materials and Methods. PubMed, Cochrane database, and Medline were searched for randomized controlled trials published until March 2018. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality, and data were extracted for statistical analysis. The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results. Six studies were included. Surgical repair resulted in a statistically significantly better Constant–Murley Score (CMS) at one year compared with conservative treatment (mean difference 6.15; p = 0.002) and subacromial decompression alone (mean difference 5.81; p = 0.0004). In the conservatively treated group, 11.9% of patients eventually crossed over to surgical repair. Conclusion. The results of this review show that surgical repair results in significantly improved outcomes when compared with either conservative treatment or subacromial decompression alone for degenerative rotator cuff tears in older patients. However, the magnitude of the difference in outcomes between surgery and conservative treatment may be small and the ‘success rate’ of conservative treatment may be high, allowing surgeons to be judicious in choosing those patients who are most likely to benefit from surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1100–1106

We explored the trends over time and the geographical variation in the use of subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair in 152 local health areas (Primary Care Trusts) across England. The diagnostic and procedure codes of patients undergoing certain elective shoulder operations between 2000/2001 and 2009/2010 were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. They were grouped as 1) subacromial decompression only, 2) subacromial decompression with rotator cuff repair, and 3) rotator cuff repair only. The number of patients undergoing subacromial decompression alone rose by 746.4% from 2523 in 2000/2001 (5.2/100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.0 to 5.4) to 21 355 in 2009/2010 (40.2/100 000 (95% CI 39.7 to 40.8)). Operations for rotator cuff repair alone peaked in 2008/2009 (4.7/100 000 (95% CI 4.5 to 4.8)) and declined considerably in 2009/2010 (2.6/100 000 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.7)). Given the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of these operations and the significant increase in the number of procedures being performed in England and elsewhere, there is an urgent need for well-designed clinical trials to determine evidence of clinical effectiveness. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:70–4

Aims. The aims of this study were to compare the use of resources, costs, and quality of life outcomes associated with subacromial decompression, arthroscopy only (placebo surgery), and no treatment for subacromial pain in the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS), and to estimate their cost-effectiveness. Patients and Methods. The use of resources, costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were assessed in the trial at six months and one year. Results were extrapolated to two years after randomization. Differences between treatment arms, based on the intention-to-treat principle, were adjusted for covariates and missing data were handled using multiple imputation. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated, with uncertainty around the values estimated using bootstrapping. Results. Cumulative mean QALYs/mean costs of health care service use and surgery per patient from baseline to 12 months were estimated as 0.640 (standard error (. se. ) 0.024)/£3147 (. se. 166) in the decompression arm, 0.656 (. se. 0.020)/£2830 (. se. 183) in the arthroscopy only arm and 0.522 (. se. 0.029)/£1451 (. se. 151) in the no treatment arm. Statistically significant differences in cumulative QALYs and costs were found at six and 12 months for the decompression versus no treatment comparison only. The probabilities of decompression being cost-effective compared with no treatment at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY were close to 0% at six months and approximately 50% at one year, with this probability potentially increasing for the extrapolation to two years. Discussion. The evidence for cost-effectiveness at 12 months was inconclusive. Decompression could be cost-effective in the longer-term, but results of this analysis are sensitive to the assumptions made about how costs and QALYs are extrapolated beyond the follow-up of the trial

Aims. The aim of this study was to examine the recent trend in delivery of arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) in Scotland and to determine if this varies by geographical location. Methods. Scottish Morbidity Records were reviewed retrospectively between March 2014 and April 2018 to identify records for every admission to each NHS hospital. The Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS-4) surgical codes were used to identify patients undergoing primary ASD. Patients who underwent acromioclavicular joint excision (ACJE) and rotator cuff repair (RCR) were identified and grouped separately. Procedure rates were age and sex standardized against the European standard population. Results. During the study period the number of ASDs fell by 649 cases (29%) from 2,217 in the first year to 1,568 in the final year. The standardized annual procedure rate fell from 41.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 39.9 to 43.4) to 28.9 (95% CI 27.4 to 30.3) per 100,000. The greatest reduction occurred between 2017 and 2018. The number of ACJEs rose from 41 to 188 (a 3.59-fold increase). The number of RCRs fell from 655 to 560 (-15%). In the year 2017 to 2018 there were four (28.6%) Scottish NHS board areas where the ASD rate was greater than 3 standard deviations (SDs) from the national average, and two (14.3%) NHS boards where the rate was less than 3 SDs from the national average. Conclusion. There has been a clear decline in the rate of ASD in Scotland since 2014. Over the same period there has been an increase in the rate of ACJE. The greatest decline occurred between 2017 and 2018, corresponding to the publication of epidemiological studies demonstrating a rise in ASD, and awareness of studies which questioned the benefit of ASD. This paper demonstrates the potential impact of information from epidemiological studies, referral guidelines, and well-designed large multicentre randomized controlled trials on clinical practice. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(3):360–364

We assessed the predictive value of the macroscopic and detailed microscopic appearance of the coracoacromial ligament, subacromial bursa and rotator-cuff tendon in 20 patients undergoing subacromial decompression for impingement in the absence of full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. Histologically, all specimens had features of degenerative change and oedema in the extracellular matrix. Inflammatory cells were seen, but there was no evidence of chronic inflammation. However, the outcome was not related to cell counts. At three months the mean Oxford shoulder score had improved from 29.2 (20 to 40) to 39.4 (28 to 48) (p < 0.0001) and at six months to 45.5 (36 to 48) (p < 0.0001). At six months, although all patients had improved, the seven patients with a hooked acromion had done so to a less extent than those with a flat or curved acromion judged by their mean Oxford shoulder scores of 43.5 and 46.5 respectively (p = 0.046). All five patients with partial-thickness tears were within this group and demonstrated less improvement than the patients with no tear (mean Oxford shoulder scores 43.2 and 46.4, respectively, p = 0.04). These findings imply that in the presence of a partial-thickness tear subacromial decompression may require additional specific treatment to the rotator cuff if the outcome is to be improved further

We report the results of arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement of the rotator cuff for chronic small- and medium-sized tears in 114 patients (118 shoulders) between two and five years after surgery. The mean Constant score was improved to 69.8, and 88 shoulders (74.6%) had a satisfactory outcome. Of patients under the age of 60 years the outcome was satisfactory in 59.3%, and in those over 60 years, in 87.5% (p < 0.001). An unsatisfactory outcome was related to manual work (p < 0.001) and a duration of symptoms of more than 12 months (p < 0.05). The outcome was not related to the size of the tear, the muscles involved or biceps pathology. Further surgery was required in 25 patients after a mean of 13.7 months (3 to 35); ten tears had progressed in size, but none became irreparable. There was no relationship between the increase in the size of the tear and its initial size, the muscles involved or the presence of biceps pathology. No tear became smaller with time

Objectives . The effects of disease progression and common tendinopathy treatments on the tissue characteristics of human rotator cuff tendons have not previously been evaluated in detail owing to a lack of suitable sampling techniques. This study evaluated the structural characteristics of torn human supraspinatus tendons across the full disease spectrum, and the short-term effects of subacromial corticosteroid injections (SCIs) and subacromial decompression (SAD) surgery on these structural characteristics. . Methods . Samples were collected inter-operatively from supraspinatus tendons containing small, medium, large and massive full thickness tears (n = 33). Using a novel minimally invasive biopsy technique, paired samples were also collected from supraspinatus tendons containing partial thickness tears either before and seven weeks after subacromial SCI (n = 11), or before and seven weeks after SAD surgery (n = 14). Macroscopically normal subscapularis tendons of older patients (n = 5, mean age = 74.6 years) and supraspinatus tendons of younger patients (n = 16, mean age = 23.3) served as controls. Ultra- and micro-structural characteristics were assessed using atomic force microscopy and polarised light microscopy respectively. . Results. Significant structural differences existed between torn and control groups. Differences were identifiable early in the disease spectrum, and increased with increasing tear size. Neither SCI nor SAD surgery altered the structural properties of partially torn tendons seven weeks after treatment. . Conclusions . These findings may suggest the need for early clinical intervention strategies for torn rotator cuff tendons in order to prevent further degeneration of the tissue as tear size increases. Further work is required to establish the long-term abilities of SCI and SAD to prevent, and even reverse, such degeneration. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:252–61

Subacromial decompression was performed arthroscopically on 65 patients who were evaluated two to five years after the procedure. None had full thickness rotator cuff tears. Patients with partial thickness cuff tears were included in this study in order to allow comparison of arthroscopic acromioplasty with open acromioplasty for stage II impingement. On the UCLA shoulder rating scale, 89% of the cases in this study achieved a satisfactory result. These results compare favourably with those reported following open acromioplasty. The arthroscopic procedure is technically demanding. When properly performed in patients with appropriate indications, hospitalisation is brief, return to activities is rapid, there is little risk of deltoid muscle complications, and the results are lasting

Background. Several orthopaedic studies have found significant correlation between pre-operative psychological status and post-operative outcomes. The majority of research has focused on patients requiring lower limb and spine surgery. Few studies have investigated the effect of psychological status on the outcome of upper limb operations. We prospectively investigated the association between pre-operative psychological status and early postoperative shoulder pain and function in patients requiring arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASAD) for impingement syndrome. Methods. A consecutive series of patients in 2009/10 completed questionnaires 2 weeks pre-operatively and 3 and 6 weeks post-operatively that assessed psychological state, shoulder function and pain. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, the Oxford shoulder score and a pain visual analogue scale assessed psychological status, shoulder function and shoulder pain, respectively. Data was analysed using non-parametric statistical methods. Results. Thirty-one patients participated (21 women; 10 men; mean age 54.6 years; age range 21–89 years). Preoperative anxiety was significantly associated with pre-operative shoulder pain (P < 0.05). Pre-operative psychological status did not correlate with post-operative shoulder pain or function. Greater pre-operative anxiety and depression were significantly associated with post-operative psychological distress (P < 0.05). Overall shoulder pain, function and psychological state improved significantly during the study (P < 0.05) regardless of pre-operative psychological status. Conclusion. Despite pre-operative associations between anxiety and shoulder pain, there were no associations between pre-operative psychological status and post-operative outcomes. Our results from a total of 31 patients suggest there is no justification for routinely assessing psychological status in patients with ‘uncomplicated’ impingement syndromes that require ASAD. The majority of patients benefit from ASAD both physically and psychologically regardless of psychological state. Therefore abnormal pre-operative psychological status should not be a justifiable reason for delaying or denying this effective operation

A total of 92 patients with symptoms for over six months due to subacromial impingement of the shoulder, who were being treated with physiotherapy, were included in this study. While continuing with physiotherapy they waited a further six months for surgery. They were divided into three groups based on the following four clinical and radiological criteria: temporary benefit following steroid injection, pain in the mid-arc of abduction, a consistently positive Hawkins test and radiological evidence of impingement. Group A fulfilled all four criteria, group B three criteria and group C two criteria. A total of nine patients improved while waiting for surgery and were excluded, leaving 83 who underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression (SAD). The new Oxford shoulder score was recorded pre-operatively and at three and 12 months post-operatively.

A total of 51 patients (group A) had a significant improvement in the mean shoulder score from 18 (13 to 22) pre-operatively to 38 (35 to 42) at three months (p < 0.001). The mean score in this group was significantly better than in group B (21 patients) and C (11 patients) at this time. At one year patients in all groups showed improvement in scores, but patients in group A had a higher mean score (p = 0.01). At one year patients in groups A and B did better than those in group C (p = 0.01).

Arthroscopic SAD is a beneficial intervention in selected patients. The four criteria could help identify patients in whom it is likely to be most effective.

Impingement syndrome in the shoulder has generally been considered to be a clinical condition of mechanical origin. However, anomalies exist between the pathology in the subacromial space and the degree of pain experienced. These may be explained by variations in the processing of nociceptive inputs between different patients. We investigated the evidence for augmented pain transmission (central sensitisation) in patients with impingement, and the relationship between pre-operative central sensitisation and the outcomes following arthroscopic subacromial decompression. We recruited 17 patients with unilateral impingement of the shoulder and 17 age- and gender-matched controls, all of whom underwent quantitative sensory testing to detect thresholds for mechanical stimuli, distinctions between sharp and blunt punctate stimuli, and heat pain. Additionally Oxford shoulder scores to assess pain and function, and PainDETECT questionnaires to identify ‘neuropathic’ and referred symptoms were completed. Patients completed these questionnaires pre-operatively and three months post-operatively. A significant proportion of patients awaiting subacromial decompression had referred pain radiating down the arm and had significant hyperalgesia to punctate stimulus of the skin compared with controls (unpaired t-test, p < 0.0001). These are felt to represent peripheral manifestations of augmented central pain processing (central sensitisation). The presence of either hyperalgesia or referred pain pre-operatively resulted in a significantly worse outcome from decompression three months after surgery (unpaired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). These observations confirm the presence of central sensitisation in a proportion of patients with shoulder pain associated with impingement. Also, if patients had relatively high levels of central sensitisation pre-operatively, as indicated by higher levels of punctate hyperalgesia and/or referred pain, the outcome three months after subacromial decompression was significantly worse

Aims. Open reduction and plate fixation (ORPF) for displaced proximal humerus fractures can achieve reliably good long-term outcomes. However, a minority of patients have persistent pain and stiffness after surgery and may benefit from open arthrolysis, subacromial decompression, and removal of metalwork (ADROM). The long-term results of ADROM remain unknown; we aimed to assess outcomes of patients undergoing this procedure for stiffness following ORPF, and assess predictors of poor outcome. Methods. Between 1998 and 2018, 424 consecutive patients were treated with primary ORPF for proximal humerus fracture. ADROM was offered to symptomatic patients with a healed fracture at six months postoperatively. Patients were followed up retrospectively with demographic data, fracture characteristics, and complications recorded. Active range of motion (aROM), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Results. A total of 138 patients underwent ADROM; 111 patients were available for long-term follow-up at a mean of 10.9 years (range 1 to 20). Mean age was 50.8 years (18 to 75);79 (57.2%) were female. Mean time from primary ORPF to ADROM was 11.9 months (6 to 19). Five patients developed superficial wound infection; ten developed symptomatic osteonecrosis/post-traumatic arthrosis (ON/PTA); four underwent revision arthrolysis. Median OSS improved from 17 (interquartile range (IQR) 12.0 to 22.0) preoperatively to 40.0 (IQR 31.5 to 48.0) postoperatively, and 39.0 (IQR 31.5 to 46.5) at long-term follow-up (p < 0.001). Median EQ-5D-3L improved from 0.079 (IQR -0.057 to 0.215) to 0.691 (IQR 0.441 to 0.941) postoperatively, and 0.701 (IQR 0.570 to 0.832) at long-term follow-up (p < 0.001). We found that aROM improved in all planes (p < 0.001). Among the variables assessed on multivariable analysis, a manual occupation, worsening Charlson Comorbidity Index and increasing socioeconomic deprivation were most consistently predictive of worse patient-reported outcome scores. Patients who subsequently developed ON/PTA reported significantly worse one-year and late OSS. Conclusion. ADROM in patients with persistent symptomatic stiffness following ORPF can achieve excellent short- and long-term outcomes. More deprived patients, those in a manual occupation, and those with worsening comorbidities have worse outcomes following ADROM. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):157–167

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of revision subacromial decompression and identify different pathologies. Materials/Methods. We analysed the patients who underwent Revision Arthroscopic Subacromial decompression from our prospective database of shoulder patients. Between April 2003 and Dec 2010, 797 patients underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression. Patients who underwent any other procedure i.e. biceps tenotomy, capsular release, cuff repair were excluded from the study. Of these, 37 underwent a revision subacromial decompression (Revision rate 4.6%). The indication for revision procedure was persistent pain or restricted movements not responding to physiotherapy and injections. Results. We found that 1) Patients having cuff pathology i.e. partial tear or degenerate cuff were more likely to need a revision procedure (11/37 and 92/797, p = 0.001). 2) The rate of ACJ excision done for residual pain after primary subacromial decompression was similar to the rate of ACJ excision at the time of the primary procedure (7/37 vs. 100/797, p= 0.5). 3) Presence of Calcific deposits did not have any influence on the risk of having a revision procedure (2/37 and 12/797, p= 0.1). 4) Patients found to have synovitis in the primary procedure were more likely to need revision procedure (10/37 and 81/797, p = 0.001). 5) Presence of biceps tendonitis did not significantly affect the risk of having a revision procedure after arthroscopic subacromial decompression (3 /37 and 21 /797, p = 0.5). Conclusion. Our revision rate is similar to those published in literature. In our failed cases there was a trend for patients to have an associated partial rotator cuff tear and synovitis

The purpose of this study is the evaluate the net promotor score of arthroscopic subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair. The Friends and Family Test, a variant of the Net Promoter Score, was adapted for the National Health Service to evaluate overall patient satisfaction and how likely patients are to recommend an intervention. It ranges from −100 to 100. Positive scores indicate good performance. This study quantifies the scores in 71 patients at 1 year following arthroscopic sub acromial decompression and rotator cuff repair. All of the procedures were performed by 1 consultant shoulder specialist. The patient filled out a shoulder questionnaire pre-operatively, at 6 months and 1 year. The score was 72 for subacromial decompression (n = 32) and 85 for rotator cuff repair +/− decompression (n = 39). Oxford shoulder score was also taken and had a rise of 4.3 and 6.9 respectively. Our study indicates that these procedures are highly valued and are recommended by patients according to the Friends and Family Test. The results of the Friends and Family Test correlated well with postoperative functional improvement and satisfaction. We conclude from this study that a compound score based on the Friends and Family Test is a useful addition to traditional measures of patient satisfaction

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression was carried out in one hundred and four consecutive patients who had stage II subacromial impingement with failed conservative treatment. The results were assessed preoperatively and at follow up using the UCLA score. After an average of 8.4 years follow up, the final results were as following; fifty-seven shoulders (55%) in excellent, twenty-five (24%) in good, sixteen (15%) in fair and six (6%) in poor. Late full thickness tears developed in 9% of patients and can be treated with an open repair of rotator cuff. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression was very effective for stage II impingement syndrome. To assess the long term results of arthroscopic subacromial decompression in stage II subacromial impingement. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression was very effective for stage II impingement. Late full thickness tears developed in 9% of patients and can be treated with an open repair of rotator cuff. This technique is a viable treatment for the condition. This is a prospective cohort study carried out in a University setting. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression was carried out in one hundred and twenty consecutive patients who had stage II subacromial impingement with failed conservative treatment. Sixteen were lost to follow up. The results were assessed preoperatively and at follow up using the UCLA score. After an average of 8.4 years follow up, the final results were fifty-seven shoulders (55%) excellent, twenty- five (24%) good, sixteen (15%) fair and six (6%) poor. All parameters – pain, function, muscle strength and motion – were improved significantly (p< 0.001). In the six poor results, two had late rotator cuff tears, three had recurrence of impingement with degenerative change and one had reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Late full thickness rotator cuff tears developed in ten shoulders after decompression. Re-operations were performed in four shoulders – three late open repairs of the rotator cuff tear resulted in good results with one poor rating. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression was very effective for stage II impingement syndrome. Late full thickness tears developed in 9% of patients and can be treated with an open repair of rotator cuff

The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of subacromial decompression alone for small and medium size rotator cuff tears. Between January 1996 and Mach 1999, one hundred and fourteen patients had a subacromial decompression for small and medium cuff tears. They were sixty men (63 shoulders) and fifty women (51 shoulders) with a mean age of 61 years (range, 37 to 87 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 25 months (range, 3 to 225 months). There were 31 manual workers, 28 sedentary workers 55 were retired. There were 26 small and 88 medium size tears. The mean follow-up was 40 months (range, 24 to 62 months). Patients were assessed using the constant score and a patient satisfaction scale. The mean (SD) Constant score was 70 (+/−16.8). The procedure was considered a failure, if the patient had subsequent surgery or was dissatisfied with the result. There were 29 (25.4%) unsatisfactory results. Twenty-five patients (21.9%) had revision surgery. An unsatisfactory outcome was related to manual work (p< 0.001) and symptoms of more than 12 months (p< 0.05). Results were unsatisfactory in 40.4% of patients under the age of 60 years and 12.9% over the age of 60 years (p< 0.001). Unsatisfactory results were not related to arm dominance, sex, history of trauma, tear size, biceps pathology or presence of acromio-clavicular osteophytes (p> 0.5 for all). The mean duration between subacromial decompression and subsequent surgery in 25 patients was 13 months (range: three to 35 months). At revision surgery, three (42.8%) of seven small tears had progressed to medium size tears and three (16.6%) of eighteen medium tears had progressed to large size tears. Subacromial decompression for small and medium sized tears has an unsatisfactory outcome in patients under the age of sixty years and manual workers but may be a suitable alternative to cuff repair in patients above the age of sixty years. Some small and medium sized cuff tears progress in spite of adequate subacromial decompression

There is concern that intra-articular electrosurgical ablation may cause thermal soft tissue damage, particularly chondrolysis, if excessive temperatures are reached. The aim of this study was to determine whether the intra-articular temperature during arthroscopic subacromial decompression using a monopolar electrosurgical ablator remains below a safe level. Data was collected prospectively from consecutive shoulder arthroscopic subacromial decompressions performed at our institution. Shoulder arthroscopy was performed using three standard portals. Evaluation of the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space was performed in a standard manner. Soft tissue resection of the subacromial bursa was performed using a monopolar electrosurgical ablator probe with continuous integral suction. Additional procedures such as acromioclavicular joint excision and rotator cuff debridement or repair were performed as appropriate. Bone resection, if required was performed using an arthroscopic burr. The temperature of the fluid within the shoulder and subacromial space was continuously monitored using a sterile digital temperature probe. The surgeon performing the procedure was blinded the collection of data. Data from thirty subacromial decompressions has been collected. 8 patients had full thickness cuff tears of which 6 were debrided, and 2 repaired arthroscopically. 13 patients had acromioclavicular joint excision. Mean operating time was 46 minutes (30–107). The infusion pressure ranged from 40 to 65 mmHg. The median volume of infused fluid was 3900 ml (1500 to 9000). The starting temperature ranged from 18.3 to 21.9. The mean maximum temperature reached was 27.6 (range 22.7 to 41.8 °C). The results suggest that the intra-articular temperature is maintained within safe levels when a monopolar electrosurgical ablator with integral suction is used to perform soft tissue subacromial decompression

Purpose: To review the results of simple arthroscopic subacromial decompression in patiens with impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tears without repairing the tears. Type of Study: prospective study. Material and Methods: From 1998 to 2003, 160 patients (168 shoulders) had arthroscopic subacromial decompression for impingement syndrome with a torn rotator cuff without repairing the tear of the cuff (120 males and 40 females). The average patient age was 64 years and the average follow up was 24 months. With increasing use of arthroscopy in the treatment of shoulder disorders, tears of the rotator cuff have been well described. Management of rotator cuff tears should include consideration of tear size, patient age and activity level, and tear etiology. Operative treatment of impingement syndrome in elderly less active lower demand patients with small and moderate tears involves decompression with and without repairing the cuff. We evaluated the clinical outcome of arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement in 160 patients ( 168 shoulders ) with impingement syndrome with small and moderate tears of the rotator cuff without repairing the cuff. Rotator cuff tears are graded arthroscopically as small (< 1 cm), moderate (> 1 cm < 3 cm ), large (> 3 cm < 5 cm ), and massive rotator cuff tears (> 5 cm ). Results: At follow up 96 patients (60%) were rated excellent or good , 56 patients (35%) were rated fair and 8 patients (5%) were rated poor. The average “Constant” score was 62 preoperative compared with 82 postoperative in the improved group (152 patients) . The 8 patients who showed no improvement had average postoperative “Constant” score of 64. Conclusions: Arthroscopic subacromial decompression without suture of the cuff in elderly less active lower demand patients with impingement syndrome with small and moderate tears of the cuff is a legitimate method of treatment for their shoulder pain and limitation of function. The main advantages were: immediate physiotherapy and return of function since there is no need for immobilization

While clinically important improvements in Oxford Shoulder Scores have been defined for patients with general shoulder problems or those undergoing subacromial decompression, no threshold has been reported for classifying improvement after shoulder replacement surgery. This study aimed to establish the minimal clinically important change (MCIC) for the Oxford Shoulder Score in patients undergoing primary total shoulder replacement (TSR). Patient-reported outcomes data were sourced from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Program. These included pre- and 6-month post-operative Oxford Shoulder Scores and a rating of patient-perceived change after surgery (5-point scale ranging from ‘much worse’ to ‘much better’). Two anchor-based methods (using patient-perceived improvement as the anchor) were used to calculate the MCIC: 1) mean change method; and 2) predictive modelling, with and without adjustment for the proportion of improved patients. The analysis included 612 patients undergoing primary TSR who provided pre- and post-operative data (58% female; mean (SD) age 70 (8) years). Most patients (93%) reported improvement after surgery. The MCIC derived from the mean change method was 6.8 points (95%CI 4.7 to 8.9). Predictive modelling produced an MCIC estimate of 11.6 points (95%CI 8.9 to 15.6), which reduced to 8.7 points (95%CI 6.0 to 12.7) after adjustment for the proportion of improved patients. For patient-reported outcome measures to provide valuable information that can support clinical care, we need to understand the magnitude of change that matters to patients. Using contemporary psychometric methods, this analysis has generated MCIC estimates for the Oxford Shoulder Score. These estimates can be used by clinicians and researchers to interpret important changes in pain and function after TSR from the patient's perspective. We conclude that an increase in Oxford Shoulder Scores of at least 9 points can be considered a meaningful improvement in shoulder-related pain and function after TSR

While clinically important improvements in Oxford Shoulder Scores have been defined for patients with general shoulder problems or those undergoing subacromial decompression, no threshold has been reported for classifying improvement after shoulder replacement surgery. This study aimed to establish the minimal clinically important change (MCIC) for the Oxford Shoulder Score in patients undergoing primary total shoulder replacement (TSR). Patient-reported outcomes data were sourced from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Program. These included pre- and 6-month post-operative Oxford Shoulder Scores and a rating of patient-perceived change after surgery (5-point scale ranging from ‘much worse’ to ‘much better’). Two anchor-based methods (using patient-perceived improvement as the anchor) were used to calculate the MCIC: 1) mean change method; and 2) predictive modelling, with and without adjustment for the proportion of improved patients. The analysis included 612 patients undergoing primary TSR who provided pre- and post-operative data (58% female; mean (SD) age 70 (8) years). Most patients (93%) reported improvement after surgery. The MCIC derived from the mean change method was 6.8 points (95%CI 4.7 to 8.9). Predictive modelling produced an MCIC estimate of 11.6 points (95%CI 8.9 to 15.6), which reduced to 8.7 points (95%CI 6.0 to 12.7) after adjustment for the proportion of improved patients. For patient-reported outcome measures to provide valuable information that can support clinical care, we need to understand the magnitude of change that matters to patients. Using contemporary psychometric methods, this analysis has generated MCIC estimates for the Oxford Shoulder Score. These estimates can be used by clinicians and researchers to interpret important changes in pain and function after TSR from the patient's perspective. We conclude that an increase in Oxford Shoulder Scores of at least 9 points can be considered a meaningful improvement in shoulder-related pain and function after TSR